选址优化-5物流网络设计决策的框架.ppt

案例：肯德基的选址战略 连锁经营发展成功的三个首选条件是“选址、选址、选址” 通常肯德基选址按以下几步骤进行： 　　（一）商圈的划分与选择 （二）聚客点的测算与选择 * 案例：7-Eleven * * Notes: * * It is helpful to begin this discussion by asking students how and under what conditions location impacts costs and revenues. Once they have begun to consider these issues, then the decision for industrial or service organizations can be explored. * * * * * * This slide can be used to frame a discussion of methods to evaluate location decisions. * Students, especially those from other countries, should be able to contribute significantly to a discussion of factors affecting one’s choice of country. * Discussion of this slide might include comments on the impact of information technology on the priorities attached to the factors listed. * What impact does the increasing rate of environmental change have on a firm’s site choice? For example, would one build a single site, or a collection of sites which might be tied together by technology? Does one have to choose a site near desired services, or can these services often be secured through technology? * You might want to expand this CSF table to include weighting factors indicating the relative importance of each of the critical success factors. * * You might ask the students if they expected to find Japan ranked below the U.S., and how they believe the overall set of rankings is likely to change in the future. ranking is likely to change in the future. * 物流网络设计决策的框架 选址战略的目标 最大化选址收益 杜能的地租出价曲线 地租 市场 价格-运输成本=利润=地租 到市场的距离 奶牛场 菜地和水果地 小麦和谷子 失重的生产过程 生产设施应接近原材料产地 e.g. 炼钢: 原材料重量之和 成品重量 增重的生产过程 生产设施应接近市场 原材料为普遍存在的要素，如空气和水 e.g. 罐装饮料工厂: 将糖浆运到罐装厂, 然后与水混合在一起制成成品。 韦伯的工业分类 工业选址决策 追求成本 最小化 厂址的选择对于收入的影响较小 选址是成本的主要决定因素 服务业选址决策 追求收入最大化 服务场所的选择对于成本的影响较小 选址是收入的主要决定因素 选址决策 是一项重要的长期决策 一旦做出决定，难以撤销 影响固定可变成本 运输成本 占产品销售价格的25% 其他成本: 税收、工资、租金等 目标: 最大化选址收益 FedEx Express（联邦快递） Fred Smith 1965年经济课的课程论文，探讨特快邮递的可能 27岁创立以孟菲斯为中心的 FedEx Express 2002年，公司营业额达到 196 亿美元，公司的价值为 223 亿美元，在《财富》杂志全球 500强中排名第 246 位 拥有13.9万雇员，670 架飞机和 4