第九章食品添加剂及其卫生学管理.ppt

* Animals can also be a source of food colourings. Cochineal, or carminic acid, is a red colour that is obtained from the bodies of certain scale insects. Their bodies are dried and crushed to extract the red colouring. * The desire for sweet taste is inborn. It gives the sensation of sweetness and provides a source of energy. However, excessive sugar intake is linked with a number of health problems including tooth decay, obesity and diabetes. * Alternative sweeteners can be divided into two main categories: * Alternative sweeteners can be divided into two main categories: * Obviously sweeteners provide the sweet taste! However, sugar also has other functions in food: Intense sweeteners cannot provide all of these properties. For example, they cannot replace sugar in cakes because the sugar also adds bulk and stiffness. Possibly the main use of intense sweeteners is in the production of low calorie, or low energy foods. These are especially suitable to people suffering from diabetes. Bulk sweeteners, such as xylitol and malitol, are less sweet but can be used to regulate the texture of the food. * The energy in foods is measured in calories . On food labels 1 Calorie (with a capital C) is equivalent to 1,000 calories or 4.2 kiloJoules (kJ). Foods and drinks that have fewer calories (kcal or kJ) than their traditional counterparts can help prevent obesity or aid people who are trying to lose weight. One way to do this is to replace sugar with a sweet tasting, non-calorific or reduced-calorie sweetener. Another reason for using sweeteners is in foods and drinks for diabetics. They cannot regulate their blood sugar levels properly and eating a sugary meal could be dangerous. Artificial sweeteners allow diabetics to have sugar-free but sweet-tasting foods. Foods that typically contain alternative sweeteners include: * 味精，又名“味之素”，学名“谷氨酸钠”。成品为白色柱状结晶体或结晶性粉末，是目前国内外广泛使用的增鲜调味品之一。其主要成分为谷氨酸和食盐。　 　　我们每天吃的食盐用水冲淡400 倍，已感觉不出咸味，普通蔗糖用水冲淡200 倍，也感觉不出甜味了，但谷氨酸钠盐，用于水稀释300