大众EA888 1.8L发动机机体设计与分析.docVIP

PAGE PAGE I 摘 要 　 机体是构成发动机的骨架，是发动机各机构和各系统的安装基础，其内、外安装着发动机的所有主要零件和附件，承受各种载荷。因此，机体必须要有足够的强度和刚度。机体有汽缸体和汽缸盖组成。 　　气缸体是发动机各个机构和系统的装配基体，是发动机中最重要的一个部件。气缸体一般与上曲轴箱铸成一体。气缸体上部拍了出所有气缸，气缸周围的空腔相互连通构成水套。下半部分是用来支承曲轴的曲轴箱。 　　气缸体有直列、V形和水平对置三种形式，在汽车上常用直列和V形两种。气缸体下部的结构有一般式、龙门式、和隧道式三种形式风冷式气缸体和曲轴箱采用分体式结构，气缸体和曲轴箱分开铸造，然后再装配到一起。气缸体和气缸盖外表面铸有许多散热片来保证充分散热，缸体的材料一般用灰铸铁，为提高气缸的耐磨性，有时在铸铁中加入少量合金元素如镍、钼、铬、磷等。但是，实际上除了与活塞配合的气缸壁表面外，其他部分对耐磨性要求并不高。为了材料上的经济性，广泛采用缸体内镶入气缸套来形成气缸工作表面。这样，缸套可用耐磨性较好的合金铸铁或合金钢制造，以延长气缸使用寿命，而缸体可用价格较低的普通铸铁或铝合金材料制造。 关键词：机体，气缸体，气缸盖，燃烧室， PAGE PAGE II Abstract The body is composed of the engine is installed base skeleton，each mechanism of each system and the engine，the engine，installed in all the main parts and accessories，loads. Therefore，the body must have sufficient strength and rigidity. The cylinder body and the cylinder cover. The cylinder block is the engine assembly matrix organizations and systems，is a most important part in engine. The cylinder block and crankcase is cast in one piece. The upper cylinder body took out all the cylinder，the cavity surrounding the cylinder water jacket are communicated with each other. The lower half part is used for supporting a crankshaft crankcase. The cylinder body is straight，V shaped and horizontally opposed three forms，commonly used in the car on the straight and V-two. The lower part of the structure of cylinder body general type，Longmen type，and the tunnel type three kind of forms of air-cooled type cylinder block and crankcase with a split type structure，the cylinder block and crankcase cast separately，and then assembled together. The cylinder body and the cylinder cover the outer surface of cast many radiating fins to ensure the full heat，cylinder material is usually made of grey cast iron，in order to improve the wear resistance of the cylinder，sometimes adding a small amount of alloy elements such as nickel，chromium，molybdenum，phosphorus in cast iron. But in fact，in addition to the cylinder wall and piston surface matched with t