GMAT语法笔记--平行 Parallelism.docxVIP

平行 Parallelism（参考名词部分） Manhattan 名词的平行 名词可以分三类(分类中的可以互相平行) 具体名词 动作名词 eruption, nomination, withdrawal, change, growth 复杂型动名词 the accurate tracking of satellites 其宾语通常在of型介词短语中或v-ing前（如the running of marathon, marathon running） 简单型动名词 tracking satellites accurately 原则： 简单动名词绝不能和复杂动名词平行！ 只有复杂动名词可以和动作名词平行！ 在一系列动作名词列举中，选择复杂动名词！ 有通用名词形式时避免使用复杂动名词。 形容词的平行 形容词可以和用作形容词的v-ing, v-ed平行。 例： Only a few feet wide BUT spanning a continent, the railroad changed history. (wide是adj. spanning是可以与之平行的现在分词) 从句：一般只和从句平行，两句的引导词都不能省略！引导词可不同 对：A mastodon carcass, which has been thawed only once AND which is still fresh, is on display. 错：A mastodon carcass, thawed only once AND which is still fresh, is on display. I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND WHERE I pay low taxes.(第二个where不能省！) There are many people WHO speak English BUT WHOSE parents do not. (引导词可不同) Ralph likes both those who are popular and those who are not. (第二个those不能省，要写全) 列举多个名词时，最后一个名词前必须有and. 如apples, pears, and bananas. And前面通常有逗号，尤其列举3个以上事物；2个从句如果比较长或独立，and前也要有逗号。如： I really like apples, AND I ear them often. 先逻辑平行，再结构平行。 对： Sam applied himself in his new job, arriving early, skipping lunch, AND leaving late. 错： Sam applied himself in his new job, arrived early, skipped lunch, AND left late.(后三者逻辑上是伴随的状态，没有第一个动词重要，这样改后四者同等重要了) 隐晦的平行：以to be为代表的词，表达“是什么”或“是什么状态”。 词汇包括：to be (is, are, was, were, am, being, been, be…) Appear, resemble, seem, turn, feel, grow, look, become, appear, sound… 对：The nomination of this Politian REPRESENTS a step forward in urban-rural relations. 错：Upon being nominated, this politician REPRESENTS a step forward in urban-rural relations. Politian不是a step forward. 而是他被nominate这件事 是 a step forward. Working verb. 只有working verb能和working verb平行 不定式等 介词短语的平行：介词不需要相同。 It was important to leave the money in the drawer RATHER THAN on the table.