磁共振对比的应用剂.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * Visualization of Lung air space using normal H1 imaging is difficult due to low concentration of water in air, large magnetic susceptibility differences due to paramagnetic nature of oxygen, and artifacts from respiratory cardiac motion. Although latter 2 problems can be solved with rapid scan techniques, the low signal amplitude produced by water vapor can not. Helium and xenon and inert gases and dissolve in to tissue readily and rapidly permeate into lung spaces. The spin polarization of noble gases is made outside the magnet using laser and rubidium atoms. * * 血管性病变中，需要判断血液动力学状态，主要的血液动力学参数包括CBF，反应氧供应，OEF，反应氧需求，CMRO2反应二者的平衡，正常状态下氧供应和氧需求处于动态平衡。 * OEF在急性中风是一个很重要的参数，OEF值升高是缺血半暗带的典型特征。 OEF最早应用于缺血性中风方面，是评价神经元功能的参数之一 PET临床上应用有限，促使了MR测量OEF技术的产生。国际上现在有两个主要的实验室在进行MR测量OEF值的实验。用的是西门子的机器。我们与北京大学交叉学院进行合作，完成GESSE序列进行MR测量OEF值的实现。 * * 缺血时，当CBF明显下降时，通过OEF补偿，CBF下降时，OEF逐渐上升，使CMRO2值维持在正常的水平。OEF最大只能是1，正常时应用大约40%的氧，当CBF逐渐减低时，OEF失去补偿作用，导致CMRO2降低，脑组织即将发生坏死。 从这个图中可以看出，OEF值的变化在血液动力学改变过程中起到了很重要的提示作用 * rCBF值0.5组中的一个患者，左侧颈内动脉狭窄导致的左侧额顶部的缺血。CBF map上可见相应部位CBF值明显下降，OEF 值高于所定义正常范围。MRA显示为左侧大脑中动脉、双侧大脑前动脉未见显影。 （二）口服法 1. 钆喷酸 使用剂量：5—10 mg / Kg， 开水稀释10倍 马根维显（静脉药稀释口服） 0.5—1 mg / Kg， 加水1000-2000ml 适用于肝左叶病变、胃部病变及增加胰腺周围对比。 右侧位 伏卧位 俯卧位 MRI gastrography using the dark lumen technique (coronal T1w 3D-FLASH). Tap water as oral contrast medium provides a black lumen (arrow). Gd-DTPA (Magnevist, Schering, Germany) iv results in a high signal of the gastric carcinoma (arrowhead). Lymph node metastases near the lesser curvature (arrow; arrowhead pointing to the gastric corpus; coronal T1w 3D-FLASH, gastric carcinoma). Gastric carcinoma located in the lesser curvature. Without iv contrast, only a weak contrast between gastric carcinoma (arrow) and surrounding tissue is visible (axial T1w FLASH-2D). B, Same patient as in A. The iv contrast (together with the black intraluminal si