4.非谓语动词的运用与比较.pptVIP

3 非谓语动词的各种形式：（以动词do为例） 主动 被动 一般 完成 进行 完成进行 一般 完成 不定式 分词 To do To be done To have done To have been done To be doing To have been doing doing Being done Having done Having been done 1。不定式的时态与语态： 1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。 I saw him go out. I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。 I’m very glad to be working with you. 3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. The article is said to have been read by many people. 非谓语动词的运用与比较 不定式 动名词 分词 非谓语动词 1 非谓语动词的词性 及句法功能 a. 动词： To run fast 状语 To smoke a cigarette 宾语 Feeling hungry 表语 1。非谓语动词的词性及 句法功能 2。句法功能的区别： 3。非谓语动词的形式 4。非谓语动词的复合结构 b. 其它词性： 词性 在句中成分 名 形 副 主 宾 表 宾补 定 状 不定式 分词 动名词 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ X X X X 2. 句法功能的区别： 1 主语 动名词 不定式 In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no” and nodding means “yes”. To write a science fiction is his wish. It’s dangerous to play/playing with fire. 1.两者作主语一般可以通用，意义没有多大差别。 2. 不定式一般表示特定的，具体的行为，特别是 表将来的一次行为；动名词常表示抽象的，一般 的行为。 It is no use _______(argue) with him about that. arguing 3. 在含有no, -less，常用动名词短语作主语。 Eg. It is no use doing….; It is useless doing… It is no good doing…; It is no help doing… 2. 表语 不定式 动名词 分词 The story is moving. A way of saying “I am hungry” is patting the stomach before a meal. My task this class is to teach you how to grasp the grammar. 现在分词作表语表示主语的特征，相当于形容词，因此 它前面可用very, quite 或表示比较意义的more, most 来 修饰；动名词作表语说明主语的内容，可以与句中的主语交换位置。由于动名词具有明显的名词特征，故不能用以上表示程度或比较意义的词修饰。不定式则表示某一次具体的行为，类似于作主语。 His hobby is playing football. Or: Playing football is his hobby. The volleyball match we watched was very exciting. 2. 动名词作表语时，该句的主语有很大的局限性，主要是job, work, task, duty, wish, happiness, 等；现在分词作表语时的主语范围广泛得多。 He The The scientific novel To read a novel at the moment What he said is interesting. 3. 宾语 动名词 不定式 根据习惯搭配和语义区分 习惯接动名词作宾语的有：mind, finish, enjoy, avoid, risk, consider, practise, suggest, advise, miss, appreciate, imagine, put off, keep(on), give up, insist, be used to, look forw