风景园林专业英语(第一二课翻译).doc

The practice and theory of Landscape Architecture景观规划设计理论【1】Landscape Architecture involves the five major components:They are natural process，human factors， methodology， technology， and values， whatever the scale or emphasis ofoperation， these five components are consistently relevant.Social and nature factors clearlypermeate every facet of a profession that is concerned with people and land. Problem solving，planning， and design methods apply at all scales.Good judgment is consistently required.风景园林设计包含五个主要方面:自然进程、社会进程、方法论、技术、价值观无论规模尺度或运作的重点各不相同这五个要素一贯是相关的。社会因素和自然因素的因子充斥着这个关系到人与土地的领域的方方面面。解决问题规划、设计方法都会用到所有的尺度。正确的判断判断是一贯必须的。【2】Consider how natural factors data are relevant to both planning and design.At the regionalscale， the impact of development or change in use on a landscape must be known andevaluated before a policy to allow such action is set.An inventory of the natural factors，including geology， soils， hydrology， topography， climate， vegetation and wildlife， andthe ecological relationships between them is fundamental to and understanding of the ecosystemto which change is contemplated.Equally important is an analysis of visual quality .Land usepolicy can thus be made on the basis of the known vulnerability of resistance of the landscape.Inother circumstances the natural processes which add up to a given landscape at a give moment inits evolution may， as at Grand Canyon and other unique places， be considered a resource to bepreserved， protected， and managed as a public trust.On a smaller scale， soil and geologicalconditions may be critical in the determination of the cost and the form of building foundations:where it is most suitable to build and where it is not.Sun， wind， and rain are important factorsof design where the development of comfort zones for human activity or the growth of plants is aprimary objective.Thus，in many ways natural factors influence land use， site planning， anddetailer design.自然因素的考虑与规划和设计都有关系。在区域尺度上，关于利用方面的开发变化的影响，在政策制定之前，必须了解和评估景观的脆弱