材料科学与技术7.pptVIP

Material Science and Technology Wang Fang An yang Institute of Technology Classification of Materials Motivations It has always been the hope to produce structural materials possessing both great ductility and extreme strength. Strength provides load carrying capability while ductility prevents sudden failure. Strength and ductility tend to be incompatible properties of simple, homogeneous materials. The idea of combining different materials seems to be a effective way. Mechanism Man-made composites are advantageous mechanically in that they typically combine the ductility and toughness of some matrix material with the load carrying ability of some introduced strong fibers or particles. Unlike metal alloys, the matrix and reinforcement do not interact chemically. Structural composites often have superior strength-to-weight and/or stiffness-to-weight ratios compared with homogenous materials. Definition of composite A composite is a combined material created by the synthetic assembly of two or more components a selected filler or reinforcing agent and a compatible matrix (基体) binder (e.g. a resin) in order to obtain specific characteristics and properties. Requirements for composites: two or more chemically distinct constituents distinct interface separating constituents (different phases) significant property difference among constituents significant volume fraction 复合材料在材料科学中是一门新兴学科，理论尚不成熟，还没有形成统一的、普遍接受的定义。国际化组织为复合材料下的定义：复合材料是由两种或两种以上物理和化学性质不同的物质组合而成的一种多相固体材料。 改进的定义：复合材料是由两种或两种以上物理和化学性质不同的物质采用适当的工艺组合而成的一种多相固体材料，而且这种多相固体材料的性能比单一材料的性能优越。 复合材料定义要点 复合材料包含两种或两种以上物理上不同并可能用机械方法分离的材料。一般其中一种为连续相，另一种为功能增强相。 几种材料通过某种方法混合在一起获得复合性能。 复合材料的总体性能优于各单独组分材料，并在某些方面可能具有独特性能。 Common examples of composite materials Common examples of composite materials 木质素、纤维素 Common examples of composite materials 泥土-草复合材料 A brief history 3000 B.C.—fiber (straw) reinforced mud bricks for huts and laminated wood 1940—glass-polyester radomes (树脂穹顶) 1942—molded fiber-glass boats 1946—U.S. governme