传输测试仪-测试指导.pptVIP

* * This is the obviously the most important alarm and although it is a No signal alarm it is means the received signal has more than 31 consecutive bit periods with no pulse. It also could mean that there is a low signal level of 40dB. * The AIS (Alarm Indication Signal) is used to indicate that a link is out of service. ITU-T( CCITT )O.32 para 3.3.2 defines it as if in a 512 bit block which has more than 509 1抯 then AIS is declared. If we take the above example of a PCM30 framing the worst condition you can get is when all the channels and timeslot 16 contain all 1抯. The NFAS bits can also be set to 1抯 but there has to be a FAS which must be the pattern 0011011 which contains three 0抯. If in a 512 bit block there three or more 0抯 then 慒rame Sync Loss?is declared and the system will try and resynchronise. It is normal practise to put an all 1抯 signal on to an 憃ut of service?link to indicate that the line is not faulty. * 4 13 7/512检错 A FAS error is a bit error in the FAS word. Further information The Frame Alignment Signal (FAS) is the first byte (8 bits) of each even frame. The last 7 bits form the FAS of 0011011. The first byte of odd frames are called the Not Frame Alignment Signal (NFAS) and are used to carry network information. 传输性能测试-测试指导 传输性能-误码 误码是指传输过程中码元发生了错误。是接收与发送信号之间单个数字的差错。 误码过程是个复杂的随机过程。产生误码的机理和过程不同且复杂。 目前只采用几个参数来描述和规范误码 。 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 传输性能-误码率 传统上常用平均比特误码率（BER）来衡量信息的传输质量，即以某一特定观测时间内错误比特数与传输总比特数之比作为误码率，又称误比特率。 平均比特误码率（BER）=错误比特数/传输总比特数 概念： 抖动——数字信号的特定时刻相对其理想参考时间位置的短时间偏离（指变化频率高于10Hz的相位变化）。 影响： 对数字编码的模拟信号，抖动造成信号失真，形成抖动噪声。在再生器中，降低其信噪比余度，直至发生误码。对配有缓存器的网元，会产生滑动损伤。语声信号比图象信号更能忍受抖动影响。 规范： G.823将高于10Hz的相位变化称为抖动指标,低于的情况称为漂移指标,然后按业务量接口和同步接口分别给出指标。 传输性能-抖动 概念： 抖动——数字信号的特定时刻相对其理想参考时间位置的长时间偏离（指变化频率低于10Hz的相位变化）。最普遍的原因是环境温度变化。 影响： 电话业务受漂移的影响类似于误码产生的脉冲噪声；传真业务的清晰度下降或质量严重恶化；图象业务会有图象冻结现象。 规范： G.823将高于10Hz的相位变化称为抖动指标,低于的情况称为漂移指标,然后按业务量接口和同步接口分别给