管理学专业英语课件宓智瑛 ISBN9787811342376 PPTchapter8定.ppt

Chapter 8The Structure of Organizations Contents Vertical Specialization Chain of command: The number of levels of managements in a company Span of control: The number of people that report to a superior Vertical Specialization flat organization Line units and Staff units Line units(企业产销部门)： The major business of company Staff units(行政职能部门): Assists the line unts by providing specialized skills and services. What is outsourcing Outsourcing the strategic use of outside resources to perform activities traditionally handled by internal staff and resources What is Virtual Organization Virtual Organization: A business that hires other companies to do most of its functions. Characteristics ad-hoc partnerships (ideally) highly dynamic based on process integration use IT as a means for coordination Boundaryless organization Boundaryless organization: A company that tries to eliminate the chain of command, have unlimited spans of control, and replace departments with teams. KEY TO EXERCISES Put the word or phrase in the proper column: ※ factories ※ large capital ※ investment※ greater flexibility ※ fewer workers ※specialized equipment ※ difficult to change ※ lower capital investment ※ economies of scale Traditional Company Outsourcing Company factories fewer workers large capital investment lower capital investment specialized equipment greater flexibility difficult to change economies of scale Dell is a major competitor in the PC market. In spite of this, the company manufacturers almost nothing. Instead, it farms out most of its manufacturing to other companies. The company does lease two small factories where it puts together the parts that are produced by its subcontractors . It then coordinates its various other activities, such as distribution and advertising. Its policy of outsourcing provides it many advantages. For one thing, this approa