大肠杆菌基因组为双链环状DNA分子.ppt

Prokaryotic and eukaryoticchromosome structure D1 prokaryotic chromosome structure D2 chromatin structure D3 eukaryotic chromosome structure D4 genome complexity D5 the flow of genetic information D1 Prokaryotic chromosome structure The Escherichia coli chromosome DNA domains DNA-binding proteins The Escherichia coli chromosome A single closed-circular dsDNA molecule Total length: 1300 μm Molecular weight: 2.8*109D Base pairs: 4.6 Mb The number or genes : 3000-4000 The structures, functions and locations in gene map of 1400 genes have been confirmed. Nucleoid: no nucleic membrane, no nucleolus, no fixed configuration, simple structure Nucleoid 大肠杆菌基因组为双链环状的DNA分子，在细胞中以紧密缠绕成的较致密的不规则小体形式存在于细胞中，该小体称为拟核（nucleoid）,其上结合有类组蛋白和少量RNA分子，并压缩形成一种脚手架形的（scaffold）致密结构。 该区域DNA浓度高达30~50mg/ml。正常生长时，DNA保持持续复制。生长时，DNA持续复制，生长速率最大时，每个细胞平均有基因组的两个拷贝。 大肠杆菌及其他原核细胞就是以这种拟核形式在细胞中执行着诸如复制、重组、转录、翻译以及复杂的调节过程。 基因组全序列测定于1997年由Wisconsin大学的Blattner等人完成。 DNA domains The DNA consists of 50-100 domains or loop. Each domain has supercoiling of different level. The E.coli chromosome as a whole is negatively supercoiled. The ends of domains are constrained by binding to a structure which probably consists of proteins attached to part of the cell membrane. The loops are about 50-100kb in size. The domains are wrapped by nonspecifical histone-like proteins such as HU and H-NS, so half of the supercoilings are constrained. RNA polymerase and mRNA molecules and site-specific DNA-binding proteins such as integration host factor (IHF) may be important in the organization of the DNA domains. highly ordered DNA-protein complexes such as nucleosomes have not been detected. Supercoiling of the genome DNA-binding proteins H??????? 两个28KD的相同亚基?????? 30000个二聚体HU????? 两个9KD的不同亚基?????40000个二体聚体HLP1 ???????????? 17KD的亚基???????????20000个单体P???????????????? ?? 3KD的亚基?????????? ????????未知 这些DNA结合蛋白，使E.coli 染色体DNA压缩成为一个脚手架形结构，结构中心是多种DNA结合蛋白，DNA双螺旋分子有许多位点与这些蛋白结合，形成约100个小区，每个小区的DNA都是负超螺旋，一个小区