马毛色遗传的分子基础与应用.pdfVIP

HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2010 11 , 32(11): 1133 ―1140 ISSN 0253-9772 综述 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2010.01133 马毛色遗传的分子基础与应用 1 3 1 1 2 2 李蓓 , 何小龙 ，赵一萍 , 王晓静 , 芒来 , 张焱如 1. , 010018; 2. , 010018; 3. , 010031 毛色不仅是马品种和个体识别的重要依据, 而且还可以作为某些疾病筛查的有力工具和手段。马的毛色 主要由黑色素细胞产生的真黑素和褐黑素两种黑色素的分布及比例所决定, 许多基因对黑色素的产生和分布 的调控起着重要的作用, 各基因相互间共同作用最终形成各种单毛色和复毛色, 这些基因主要包括 MC1R 、 ASIP 、KIT 、TYRP 和EDNRB 。另外STX17 、MATP 和PMEL17 也在马毛色形成过程具有重要的作用, 同时还 发现个别毛色基因与黑色素瘤疾病有关。文章对近年来马主要毛色候选基因的作用机理、DNA 序列多态性与毛色 性状及黑色素瘤疾病的关系等研究进行了详细的阐述, 为今后马匹育种工作和疾病防治提供重要理论依据。 马; 毛色性状; 候选基因; 黑色素瘤 Molecular basis and applicability in equine color genetics 1 3 1 1 2 LI Bei , HE Xiao-Long , ZHAO Yi-Ping , WANG Xiao-Jing , Dugarjaviin Manglai , 2 ZHANG Yan-Ru 1. College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; 2. College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China, 3. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Hohho, 010031, China Abstract: Coat color can be used not only in identifying individuals and species, but also in diagnosing certain diseases. The coat color of horse mainly denpends on the distribution and proportion of eumelanin and phaeomelanin, generated by melanocytes, which are regulated by the genes such as MC1R , ASIP , KIT, TYRP, and EDNRB . In addition, STX17, MATP, and PMEL17 also play a role in the formation of coat color of horse. In this review, the action mechanism of candidate genes for coat color and association of DNA seq