第六章无土栽培-常用基质培生产设施及管理.pptVIP

第六章 常用基质培生产设施及管理 Chapter 6 The facilities and managements of aggregate cultures  第一节 砾培生产设施及管理Section 1 The facilities and managements of gravel culture 砾培(Gravel Culture)是指采用石砾(粒径大于3 mm以上)作为生长基质的一类无土栽培技术。 Gravel culture is a kind of soilless culture using gravel (grain size is larger than 3 mm) as growth media. 它是最早应用于商业化生产的无土栽培形式。 It is the earliest commercialized soilless culture. 砾培的水肥的利用率较高，但由于建设费用较高，石砾容重大，运输、清洗和消毒的工作烦重，费用高，不易做到彻底杀灭前茬作物种植过程中残留的病虫害，致使后茬病虫害较为严重。因此，在近几十年的发展中呈萎缩状态。 The utilance of water and fertilizers is very high in gravel culture. But the cost of construction is also high and the bulk density of gravel is large, and it is not easy to wash and disinfect after plantation. So the development of gravel culture is decreased step by step in near decades. 一、砾培生产设施的结构The structure of a gravel culture facility 1、种植槽/trough 由于石砾的容重大，因此盛放石砾的种植槽槽框多为红砖用水泥沙浆砌成或用水泥预制板制成，也可以用塑料板、木板等做成。 Because the bulk density of gravel is heavy, the trough containing gravel must be made substantially by using brick or precoated plate or plastic plate or wood plate, and so on. 种植槽呈V形，以1:200~1:250的坡降倾斜。槽框内铺黑色塑料衬里，然后在中部安放一条排液管。槽中的石砾层表面应低于种植槽槽框顶面3~5 cm。 种植槽中种植白菜苗The seedlings of Pak-choi planted in a gravel trough 有一种种植槽在底部不设排液管。做成槽框、铺上塑料薄膜，然后放上石砾即可种植。 另一种种植槽的槽底安放一条灌排两用管，既作供液用，也作排液用。 2、供液及排液系统/supplying and outlet system 包括水泵、供液管道、电磁阀、定时器、自动转换轮灌阀门以及控制水位及水泵工作的液位感应器等部分组成It includes the pump, supplying pipes, solenoid valve, timer and automatic rotational irrigation valve and the liquid layer sensor for layer control and the working of pump, and so on. 有些设施则较为简单，供液系统只是由水泵、供液管道、调节流量的阀门以及定时器等组成 砾培的灌液和排液要求的总原则是速灌速排。 The general principle for gravel culture is the rapid irrigation and drainage. 水泵流量要求足够大，液管的口径也要够大。 That means the power of pump must be large enough and the calibers of the irrigation and drainage pipes must be large enough too. 砾培生产设施为例来说明其灌排过程： 供液时，水泵把营养液抽起，通过供液管道输送至种植槽的较高的一端，然后流入供液缓冲间，再灌入槽底的灌排管，此时排液缓冲间的排液口阀门关闭，营养液液位在石砾层内由下至上地上升，直到达到大约液面低于石砾表面3~5