英汉对照分子生物学导论 教学课件 ppt 作者 [美]西尔维恩 W.勒潘 王勇 编著Chapter 4.ppt

Transcription in prokaryotes is quite simple. Only RNA polymerase holoenzyme is necessary to initiate the transcription. But eukaryotes have three different RNA polymerases. 原核生物的转录较为简单，只需要RNA聚合酶的全酶就能启动转录，而真核生物有三种不同的RNA聚合酶。 In addition, eukaryotic transcription needs the help of proteins called transcription factors. Transcription factors can be divided into two major categories: general transcription factors and specific transcription factors. General transcription factors are required for transcription of all genes. Specific transcription factors are required for controlling transcription of specific genes. 此外，真核生物的转录还需要称为转录因子的蛋白质的帮助。转录因子可被分为两大类：通用转录因子和特异转录因子。通用转录因子是所有基因转录都需要的。特异转录因子是那些能提高或降低特殊基因转录速率的蛋白质。 Transcription initiation for class I genes is much simpler than for class II genes. Only two general transcription factors are required. They are UBF and SL1. The Class I promoter contains two elements, a core element centered at the transcription start site and an upstream promoter element. SL1 binds to the core element and helps recruit RNA polymerase I to the promoter. UBF binds to the upstream promoter element to help SL1 to bind to the core element. I类基因的转录起始要比II类基因的简单得多。它只需要两个通用转录因子，即UBF和 SL1。I类启动子含有两个元件，即一个以转录起始位点为中心的核心元件和一个上游启动子元件。SL1结合到核心元件上并帮助召集RNA聚合酶I到启动子位置。UBF结合到上游启动子元件帮助SL1结合到核心元件上。 We have a short movie to watch now. 现在我们来看一个短片。 Eukaryotic RNA polymerases I and III also have their own general transcription factors. UBF and SL1 are the two general transcription factors for RNA polymerase I. TFIIIB and TFIIIC are the two for RNA polymerase III. 真核生物RNA聚合酶I和III也具有它们自身的通用转录因子。UBF与SL1是RNA聚合酶I的通用转录因子，TFIIIB与TFIIIC是RNA聚合酶III的两个通用转录因子。 Now, let’s move onto section 4.4, about Specific Transcription Factors. We need to know that the general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II rarely join together by themselves. When there are only these proteins present, transcription occurs at a low rate. This is called basal transcription. In order to