以环境友善材料复育受镉和铅污染之土壤.doc

PAGE PAGE 1 以環境友善材料復育受鎘和鉛污染之土壤 Using environmental friendly materials for remediation of Cadmium and lead contaminated soil 研究生：張怡頻 Chang, Yi-Pin 指導教授：許正一 Hseu, Zeng-Yei 【摘要】 隨著工業發展及各種化學產品的濫用，導致大量污染物進入土壤環境中，使土壤生態系統與人體健康受到極大的衝擊與危害。化學萃取法為目前一相當有效之土壤整治復育技術，但化學萃取法所使用之萃取液大都以酸液或具毒性之螯合試劑而將重金屬自土壤中萃取分離出，但此類萃取劑易導致土壤肥力降低且使土壤物理、化學及生物性質驟變。因此，近年來在重金屬污染土壤之整治復育技術中，利用對環境破壞程度較低及可被生物降解之天然萃取試劑已逐漸被探討。本論文利用皂素(saponin)、聚麩胺酸(polyglutamic acid, PGA)與腐植酸(humic acid)等三種環境有善材料，及EDTA(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid)等共四種萃取劑，進行鎘、鉛污染土壤之整治復育。土壤萃取前後，以序列抽出法(sequential extraction)評估鎘、鉛之結合型態的轉變情形，期能藉此瞭解重金屬結合型態與萃取效率之關聯性。研究結果顯示，EDTA因與重金屬具有較強之鍵結能力，因此具最高萃取率，故在進行鎘(32.4 mg/kg)、鉛(1,322 mg/kg)污染土壤之萃取時EDTA能在30 min內即可達78%之重金屬移除率。反觀另三種萃取劑之鎘、鉛移除率不佳，其中PGA萃取率最高僅12%，而humic acid則不到1%，其原因為供試土壤之坋粒(48%)和黏粒(35%)、CEC與有機物等均偏高所致。在重金屬型態分佈方面，原污染土壤中鎘主要以一弱鍵結、高度移動性之酸可交換型態(55%)為主，而鉛以一鍵結穩定性高之Fe/Mn氧化結合態(48%)及有機物結合態(30%)為主。然而，EDTA均可萃取出鎘、鉛污染土壤中之酸可交換型態，但PGA及saponin萃取後反增加鎘之Fe/Mn氧化結合型態、有機物結合態及殘餘型態，且其萃取後鎘之結合型態轉變為以Fe/Mn氧化結合型態為主，humic acid萃取後鎘則轉變為以有機物結合型態為主。 關鍵詞: 化學萃取法、重金屬、環境友善材料、序列萃取、土壤復育 【Abstract】 Large amounts of pollutants from industrial development and diverse chemical uses are leaked into soil ecosystem to be harmful in human health. However, at present chemical extraction is an effective remediation technique of soil contamination. Acid or toxic chelating agents are generally used in chemical extraction, but they would decrease soil fertility and physical, chemical and biological properties. Therefore, environmental friendly materials in chemical extraction have been explored, such as easily biodegradable or natural extracts. Three environmental friendly materials, saponin, polyglutamic acid (PGA) and humic acid were used in chemical extraction of Cd and Pb contaminated soil, compared to EDTA. Sequential extraction procedure is applied for evaluating their removal efficiency of heavy metal in soil before and after remediation. Results indicated that the stronger bound strength of heavy metal with EDTA, the remo