第七章胚胎的评价.pptVIP

动物繁殖学双语教学English-Chinish of Reproductiong in Farm Animal Training　manuai for embryo transfer in cattle 动物繁殖学双语教学 Evaluation of embryosChapter 7 EMBRYOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY术语 In mammals, the female gamete is called an egg or ovum; the correct technical term for the newly ovulated female gamete is an oocyte. 第七章胚胎的评价 动物繁殖学双语教学 Upon fertilization, the oocyte becomes a one-cell embryo, sometimes referred to as a zygote. The embryo then divides into two-cell, four-cell, etc. stages. 动物繁殖学双语教学 At the 16-cell stage, the embryo becomes a morula 桑椹胚(Latin for mulberry桑葚). When a cavity腔(blastocoele囊胚腔) forms between the cells of the embryo, it is termed a blastocyst. To add further confusion, all of these stages of embryos are frequently called eggs or ova. Embryos of various stages are illustrated in Figures 14 to 25. FIGURE 14 Location of different developmental stages of bovine embryos in reproductive tract (first appeared in Hoard, Dairyman, 10 March 1988, p. 246) 动物繁殖学双语教学 The first three divisions of the embryo are called cleavage divisions; thus, one- to eight-cell embryos are defined as cleavage stages. 动物繁殖学双语教学 During this time by expending energy to pump fluid between the cells. Thus blastocyst the embryo actually decreases in weight. Only at the morula]桑椹胚stage does the embryo begin to weigh more than at the one-cell stage. 动物繁殖学双语教学 During the morula stage, cells of embryos change from spherical polygonal 球(面)多胞形in shape. This phenomenon is termed 期间compaction. During compaction, specialized junctions form between cells, so the cells can communicate相通with each other. 动物繁殖学双语教学 Frequently, compacted morulae are termed tight morulae. Compacted morulae are smaller than pre-compacted embryos. FIGURE 15 Diagram图表 of normal bovine embryos 动物繁殖学双语教学 Compaction is an excellent极好的sign that the embryo is developing normally; days after oestrus in cattle indicates retarded发展迟缓的formation also is indicative of continued normal embryonic development C