独立主格结构(完整版)with课件.pptVIP

三、独立主格结构的句法功能 独立主格结构在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。 1. 作时间状语 School over, the students went home. 放学后，学生们都回家了。 The ceremony ended, the games began. 仪式结束后，比赛开始了。 2. 作条件状语 It being fine tomorrow, we’ll go boating. 如果明天天气好的话，我们就去划船。 Li Lei coming, it is not necessary to ask Wu Dong. 如果李蕾来的话，就没有必要叫吴东了。 3. 作原因状语 The meeting being put off, we needn’t hurry. 由于会议推迟了，我们就没有必要匆忙了。 Mr. Li being ill, Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead. 李老师病了，杨老师将代他来给我们上这堂课。 4. 作伴随状语 Mr. Li comes here,?a book in his hand. 李先生手里拿着书过来了。 A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us. 她面带微笑问我们要什么。 1—5 DCACD 6—10 CDBAD 11—15 BCCDD The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied. He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raised. 1. 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.　( hand前不能加his) Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。 比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. ? 2. 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，不及物动词用现在分词，及物动词用过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 3.独立主格结构没有所有格形式 The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。 比较动名词复合结构： The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised. ? 4.独立主格与状语从句的转换 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如： 1.After class was over the students soon left the classroom. Class being over / Class over, the students soon left the classroom. 下课后，学生很快离开了教室。 ? 2. The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 3. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 5. 独立主格的时态问题 独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如： The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。 Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.由于汤姆一再