管理信息系统L3.ppt

144 管理信息系统L3 王渊 Chapter 3 MIS的技术基础 第一节 IT概述 信息技术包括： 计算机硬件技术（实体） 计算机软件技术（OS etc） 通信技术：数据通信系统是以计算机为中心，结合分散在远程的终端装置或其它计算机，通过通信线路彼此链接，进行数据传输、交换、存储和处理的设备总称。 硬件技术 CPU Primary storge（主存） CPU PRIMARY STORAGE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) TYPES OF MEMORY RAM: Random Access Memory Dynamic: Changes thru（通过） processing Static: Remains constant (power on) ROM: Read Only Memory (preprogrammed) PROM: Program can be changed once EPROM: Erasable thru ultraviolet（紫外） light EEPROM: Electrically erasable * DISK TAPE OPTICAL STORAGE * STORAGE AREA NETWORK (SAN) HIGH-SPEED NETWORK CONNECTS VARIOUS STORAGE DEVICES TAPE LIBRARIES（磁带库） DISK ARRAYS（磁盘阵列） STORAGE SERVICE PROVIDER: 3rd party rents storage space * A Storage Area Network (SAN) INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES POINTING DEVICES（定点设备）（下一页） SOURCE DATA AUTOMATION OUTPUT DEVICES * POINTING DEVICES: KEYBOARD MOUSE WIRED INFRA-RED TRACKBALL TOUCH PAD JOYSTICK TOUCH SCREEN * SOURCE DATA AUTOMATION Captures data in computer-readable form at the time and place the data are created OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION (OCR)（光学字符识别）: translate designed marks, characters, and codes into digital form. BAR CODE: Identifies products in stores, warehouses, shipments MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER RECOGNITION (MICR)（磁性墨水识别）: translate characters written in magnetic ink into digital format Special ink identifies bank, account, amount * PEN-BASED INPUT: Digitizes signature DIGITAL SCANNER: Translates images characters into digital form VOICE INPUT DEVICES: Converts spoken word into digital form SENSORS（传感器）: Devices that collect data from environment for computer input (e.g., thermometers（温度计）, pressure gauges（压力尺）) * OUTPUT DEVICES: CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT)（阴极射线管） PRINTER VOICE OUTPUT DEVICE …. * Computer hardware trends Performancebetter Pricelower Sizemore compact SOFTWARE Software: Detailed instructions to control computer operation of a computer systems. Without software, the computer hardware could not perform any tasks.The functions of software ar