污水处理方法与技术.docVIP

Sewage treatment Abstract：Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing \o Contaminants contaminants from \o Wastewater wastewater and household sewage, both \o Surface runoff runoff ( \o Effluents effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce a waste stream (or treated \o Effluent effluent) and a solid waste or sludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment. This material is often inadvertently contaminated with many \o Toxic toxic organic and inorganic compounds. Key words: Sewage treatment, fixed-film and suspended-growth, \o Activated sludge Activated sludge Origins of sewage Sewage is created by residences, institutions, and commercial and industrial establishments. Raw influent (sewage) includes \o Household waste household waste liquid from \o Toilet toilets, \o Bathing baths, \o Shower showers, \o Kitchen kitchens, \o Sink sinks, and so forth that is disposed of via \o Sanitary sewer sewers. In many areas, sewage also includes liquid waste from industry and commerce. The separation and draining of household waste into \o Greywater greywater and \o Blackwater (waste) blackwater is becoming more common in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, commercial, and industrial liquid waste discharges, and may include \o Stormwater stormwater runoff. Sewage systems capable of handling stormwater are known as combined systems or \o Combined sewer combined sewers. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and thereby reduce the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. The variability in flow also leads to often larger