9.11_water_and_acids.bases外文学习材料.pdfVIP

Unit 2: Chemistry of Life Biochemistry Properties of Water  Found in every living thing (all cellular chemistry occurs in water)  Water is a POLAR molecule  Due to slight positive and negative charges (uneven sharing of electrons) * Hydrogen Bonds Because of their partial positive and negative charges, polar molecules such as water can attract each other The attraction between the hydrogen atom on one water molecule and the oxygen atom on another water molecule is an example of a hydrogen bond. * Cohesion is an attraction between molecules of the same substance * Cohesion also explains why some insects and spiders can walk on a pond ’s surface. Surface Tension * Adhesion is an attraction between molecules of different substances. * Adhesion between water and glass also causes water to rise in a narrow tube against the force of gravity. Other properties of H O! 2 good solvent many molecules dissolve in H O 2 hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic lower density as a solid ice floats! high specific heat water stores heat high heat of vaporization heats cools slowly • ! #$% • ()*%$ ) + • ()*%$ • ()*,+$ Acids and Bases +  Acid – any compound that produces H ions is called an acid +  Have a high concentration of H (Hydrogen) ions  HCl  H + + Cl-  Base – any compound that produces OH- ions is called a base  Have a high concentration of OH- (Hydroxide) ions + -  NaOH  Na + OH  NEUTRAL H + = OH-  ACID