02精教材益生产核心思想.ppt

Ask the class if each process is either Value Added or Non-Value Added. 效率的表现形式有很多种 8 Wastes in Manufacturing 生产过程中的8种浪费 Overproduction生产过剩 Too much as bad as not enough产量太多，与产量不足一样浪费 Uses valuable resources使用昂贵的资源 Leads to other wastes造成其他浪费 Product may become obsolete or unusalable 产品可能过时或无法使用 Apparent efficiency vs. True efficiency表面效率与真实效率之比较 Better to make 480 units with 9 people最好是用9个人生产480件产品 We could make 536 with 10 people but there is no demand我们可使用10个人生产536件产品，但没有必要 Excess inventory is built库存太多 Labor is not effectively utilized劳动力没能有效利用 Waiting等待 Machines, people and resources are all wasted while waiting等待时，机器、人员和资源都是浪费 Waiting for product, materials or other resources is non-value adding等待产品、材料或其他资源都是非加值活动 Point out that the first two examples are machining processes, while the third is an assembly process. Have the students identify which work area looks the most like their own. * 回忆我们生产的每一样东西，图纸、计划书、产品、服务等等，都要求有一个流程生产产品。每个流程都有原料和成品。在这个流程中，有增值和非增值阶段。 增值指信息或物理材料被转化成为客户所需要的形态。客户要求完整的计划书或电机管理系统。因此，要增值就要变形－或者目标必须是客户认为重要的目标。同时，也必须一次做对。 非增值活动是耗费时间、资源或空间，但无法转化信息或原料的活动。我们业务中的一些非增值因素可能因为政府监管、客户要求等而成为必要。 “客户”可能是内部或外部客户。我们的许多业务流程严格支持其他对客户非常重要的业务。例如：采购。内部客户是生产部门；增值任务是在它们需要之前将部件送到这些部门。在采购流程中，有增值也有非增值阶段。 不是所有非增值任务都构成浪费，但浪费肯定是非增值的。 Speaker’s Notes: Many companies focus significant effort and engineering resources on how long it takes workers to perform assigned tasks…for example if Worker A attaches his part in 30 seconds instead of 45, his productivity increases 50%. Often the solution is perceived to be technology-based. Worker A can do his job 50% faster if we modify the machinery at his workstation or replace it with a newer model. And so on throughout the plant. But once that’s all done, a funny thing usually happens. On paper, worker productivity has increased dramatically, but it still takes almost as long to get the product out the door as it ever did. Why? * 　 これは、トヨタ生産方式の体系図です。 これまで、一通り、説明してきたことを体系的にまとめたものです。 ムリ?ムダ?ムラを徹底的に排除するために、トヨタ生産方式の２本の柱が あります。