铁水炉外脱磷操作条件研究.docVIP

铁水炉外脱磷操作条件研究* 王庆祥 摘　要　近年来,世界各国钢铁企业都在力求节省能源和资源,提高钢材质量,降低生产成本, 以求获得最佳经济效益。为此,开发钢铁冶炼新工艺的热潮方兴未艾。铁水预处理技术已受到世界各国冶金专家们的高度重视,被认为是实现冶炼工艺最佳化的基础。铁水炉外预脱磷是铁水预处理的重要组成部分。而实现铁水的高效低耗预脱磷的基础是使用好的脱磷剂和控制适当的操作条件进行脱磷。展示了有关铁水炉外脱磷操作条件方面的研究结果。关键词　铁水　炉外脱磷　操作条件 STUDY ON OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR HOTMETAL PREDEPHOSPHORIZATION Wang Synopsis　In recent years the iron and steel enterprises of the world have been making all efforts to save energy resources and raw material ,improve steel quality and reduce operating cost to maximize their economical returns. As a result, an upsurge for development of new metallurgical technologies is gaining its momentum in the contemporary world iron steel sector. Technologies of hot metal pretreatment have drawn great attention of the wowld metallurgists and been considered the basis on which the optimization of metallurgical process can only be built. Predephosphorization of the hot metal constitutes a significant component of the hot metal pretreatment. The basic factors to realize predephosphorization with high efficiency and low consumption are assumed to be good use of dephosphorizing agent and proper control of operating conditions . The present paper described the results of research and development on operating conditions of hot metal dephosphorization. Keywords　hot metal　dephosphorization　operating　condeitons 1　实验研究条件1.1　实验装置　　实验装置如图1所示。 图1　实验装置示意图1.轻质砖盖　2.炉壳　3.隔热保温材料　4.外炉管5.硅碳棒　6.内炉管　7.电极石墨坩埚　8.渣剂9.熔铁　10.托座　11.热电偶套管　12.隔热密封材料13.双铂铑热电偶 　　实验在40kVA可控硅碳棒高温电炉中进行。用Pt.Rh6%-Pt.Rh30%热电偶配合UJ31电位计测量炉温。炉内等温带长300mm。实验温度按设定温度而定;温度精度≤±5℃。内炉管内呈严格密封状态。1.2　实验原料　　实验研究所用铁样由生产现场取得。　　实验研究所用的脱磷剂各组成物均为化学纯试剂,并均经干燥,制粉,粒度≤100目。1.3　实验过程　　将装有400～500g铁样的电极石墨坩埚放入炉内(见图1),随炉升温、熔化、预脱硅、去渣。然后置炉温于设定脱磷反应温度并稳定10min,加入相应脱磷剂,搅拌,经设定反应时间后迅速将铁水出炉、制样、分析。 2　研究结果2.1　铁水脱磷反应进行的热力学条件　　铁水脱磷过程就是将铁水中磷转移到渣中的过程。实现这一过程的热力学条件至关重要。根据实验结果并结合热力学计算,得到图2。图2示出了磷可由金属向炉渣转移所需氧势同各相关冶金过程所需氧势的比较。 图2　磷可由金属向炉渣转移的氧势同各相关冶金过程氧势之比较 　　显然,铁液中的氧势决不会升高到图2中线2(即Fe-FeO线)之上,否则,铁就会自动燃烧起来;只要体系中有一氧化碳存在,铁液中的氧势也不会低到线6(即［C］饱和