应用机器视觉于类比仪表自动校正系统.doc

應用機器視覺於類比儀表自動校正系統 Machine Vision Applied to the Automatic Calibration System of Analog Display Instruments 研究生：劉豐逸 Liu, Feng-Yi 指導教授：林宜弘 Lin, Yi-Hong 【摘要】 本文係開發一套類比儀表的自動校正系統。此系統包括有硬體及軟體兩部份，其主要是用以檢測類比儀表的指針是否能夠正確的移動至所指定的位置。在硬體方面，包含有二套光源分別用以照明類比儀表及數位儀表。此照明系統能夠有效地消除，在取像時由儀表的塑膠或玻璃材質的蓋子所造成的陰影，或由類比儀表內的指針與底面之間的距離所形成的陰影。因此，採用了此照明系統即能夠使攝影機擷取到清晰的影像，且這將會對後續的分析工作有所助益。在檢測軟體方面，本文採用小波轉換、方向碼、環形投影法及霍夫轉換等影像處理的技術，以達到有效、正確且快速的偵測類比儀表指針位置之目的，再進而求得其顯示之數值。在實驗的部分，本文針對了三種在工業上使用廣泛的類比儀表(電壓表、溫度表及油壓表)進行檢測。對於電壓表的檢測時間大約在五秒左右，溫度表在四秒左右，油壓表在六秒左右(影像尺寸為像素)。根據實驗數據系統所量測的數據與人工所觀察的數據是很相近的。然而，本系統只針對了三種不同的類比儀表進行檢測，因此在未來若能再將之推廣至更多種不同類型的類比儀表進行檢測，則系統的性能將會再更受到肯定。 關鍵字：類比儀表、小波轉換、方向碼、環形投影法、霍夫轉換。 【Abstract】 An automatic calibration system developed for inspecting analog display instrument is proposed in this study. The proposed system integrating hardware and software is applied to inspect whether the position of the pointer can correctly correspond with tick mark present in the display. In hardware part, two sets of light sources: rectangular and circular light sources are designed for lighting analogue and digital display that efficiently eliminate the shadows caused by plastic or glass plate used to cover and protect display, and distance between the pointer and background which allow pointer to be moveable. The disappearance of shadows would be a great benefit to the following analysis. Software mainly based on Wavelet Transform, Direction Code, Ring Projection and Straight Line Hough Transform, is used to detect the position of pointer in ADI correctly and quickly. The experiment results demonstrate three analogue display “Voltmeter”, ”TEMP”, and ”Oil Press” which are inspected by the proposed system, and the executive time with image size pixels for first one is about 5 seconds/frame, second for about 4, third is about 6. The experimental data shows that the deviation of reading ADI’s value by operators and proposed method is almost the same. If the automatic calibration system is tested with more com