高考英语非谓语动词专项讲解练习.docVIP

非谓语动词 【非谓语动词作状语】 一.不定式,分词作状语的基本原则 不定式,分词作状语时,不定式,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式,分词作状语. 二.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成in order to do或so as to do结构.in order to do结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;so as to do结构只能放在句中. Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her. Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forget it. 2.不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to;such...as to;...enough to;only to(常表示以外的或事与愿违的结果);too...to等. Im not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. Im too tired to stay up longer. 备注:在only too..to结构中,too...to...并非是太....而不能...之意.此时,与too..to..搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等. Im only too glad to have passed the exam. 3.不定式作原因状语 形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因.用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 4.在主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等. This question is easy to answer. This book is difficult to understand. 三.分词作状语 1.分词作状语时其形式的选择 形式 意义 v-ing(doing) 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,与句子谓语动词动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生 having+v-ed(having done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系,先于谓语动词动作发生 v-ed(done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成 being+v-ed(being done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且与谓语动词动作同时发生 having been+v-ed(having been done) 与句子主语为逻辑上的被动关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生 2.分词作状语的句法功能 分词作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果，条件,让步，行为方式,伴随状况等.为了强调,还可与 while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用. When offered help,one often saysThank youor Its kind of you.(时间) Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(原因) Generally speaking,if taken according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(条件) He glanced at her,nothing th