风险评估与人类工程(1).pptVIP

Risk Assessment Codes and Ergonomics COL Mary Lopez 12 August 2003 Risk Evaluation Basis for decisions Perception of risk Acceptability of risk Voluntary vs involuntary Natural vs man-made Relates to self-worth vs does not relate Essential vs non-essential Delayed effect vs immediate Common vs uncommon Mundane vs dramatic Risk Evaluation Estimation of Magnitude of Risk Underestimate familiar systems Overestimate unknown Loss Dimension Death Property damage Injury Spectrum Risk Assessment and Management Identify and evaluate the hazards Likelihood and consequences Assess risk Evaluate expected loss or risk of each hazard Sum over system operations and life High frequency / low consequence and Low / High Develop countermeasures Allocate resources Accept residual risk Safety Value Analysis – Limited Resources The Long Ergo RAC History DOD EWG Efforts Identified need (Surveys, Acquisition) DODI 6055.1 Medical RACs vs Safety RACs Ergonomic Hazards Risk Factors (Posture, Force, Repetition, Vibration, Temperature) Body Parts Affected Risk Assessment Codes Threshold questions Criteria Subjective (pain and suffering) Measurable physiologic damage MIL STD 1472F Key factors – Magnitude of exposure Duration of exposure Frequency of exposure DODI 6055.1 RAC Calculation Prioritization RAC Number affected Cost of control Questions?? * Permanent partial disability / Temporary total disability (3 mos) -Heavy loads (56 lbs), twisting, highly repetitive and forceful, vibration (6 hours) High 4 Lost workday injury / compensable injury -Moderate loads (37 lbs), repetitive and forceful, vibration (4 hours) Moderate 3 Permanent total disability -Extreme frequent loads (87 lbs), forces, postures Very High 5 Severity / Health Effect Category Rating Hazard Severity Temporary discomfort -Light loads ( 37 lbs), occasional postures Negligible 1 First Aid / Minor Supportive Medical Treatment -Moderate loads, repetition, moderate postures, vibration ( 2 hours), cold temperatures Low 2 Severity