欧美三国的成功经验男性结扎如何成为普遍的自愿选择.docx

2015年5月 2015年5月 妇女研究论丛 May，2015 第3期总第129期 Collection of Women’S Studies No．3 Ser．No．129 欧美三国的成功经验：男性结扎如何成为普遍的自愿选择 王向贤1‘z· (1．天津师范大学政治与行政学院社会学系，天津300387；2．天津师范大学政治文化与政治文明建设研究院，天津300387) 关键词：男性结扎；男性气质；避孕转型 摘要：在加拿大、英国和美国这三个国家，男性结扎被广泛接受是通过两百多年来两次避孕转型与两波性别平等运动相 结合而实现的。第一阶段发生在18世纪末期至20世纪初期，第一次避孕转型与第一波性别平等运动相结合，男性避孕与男性 气质的关系由相矛盾变为相融合，男性通过禁欲节欲等传统方式承担避孕责任。第二阶段为20世纪60年代至今，第二次避孕 转型与第二次性别平等运动相结合，在政府很少干预避孕选择、相关团体提供高质量服务的前提下，许多男性自愿选择男性结 扎来承担避孕责任，并成为男性气质的新特征。 中图分类号：D441．7 文献标识：A 文章编号：1004．2563【2015)03—0086—09 The Three European-American Countries’Success：How Could Vasectomy Become the Popular Voluntary Choice WANG Xiang-xian (Department ofSociology,School ofPolitics and Administration,Tianjin Normal Unwenity,Tianjin 300387,Chiru≈2．Institute ofPolitical c诹f啪and Political Civilization,Tianjin Normal Unwe=溉Tianjin 300387,China) Keywords：vasectomy，masculinities，contraceptive transition Abs瞰：It went through two phases for vasectomy to be widely among melt in Canada,United Kingdom and the United States OVer the past accepted twO hundred years in which there were two transitions in the of contraceptives and twO waves of gender equality movements．During the first phase in which tbe interaction between the first contraceptive transition and the first gender equality movement took place from the end of 18th the begin- ning of20th century．men’s ofcontraception and maseulinities went from being in contradictory relationship to that ofintegration．Men took traceptive responsibility by way oftraditional means including sexual abstinence and continence．The second phase began in the 1960s and continues to date．During this period，the second contraceptive transition integrates with the second gender equality movement．Though the governments have specifically intervened，the availability ofhigh quality medical services enables men voluntarily take contraceptive responsibilities by choosing tomy,and this has become new characteristic ofmasculinities． 中国目前的生育讨论主要集中于是否应该允许 分别占已婚夫妇避孕方式构成的48％和3