中西文化概论-第八周.pptVIP

Assignment 1 Please tell me the names of western philosophers as many as you can! 人不能两次踏入同一条河流，因为无论是这条河还是这个人都已经不同。——赫拉克利特 思想不是你要它来它便来，而是由它自己决定它的来去。——叔本华 我思故我在。——笛卡尔 给我物质，我就用它造出一个宇宙来。——康德 人类的生命，并不能以时间长短来衡量，心中充满爱时，刹那即永恒。——尼采 Differences In Chinese Western Philosophy Chinese philosophy Founded on oral tradition “Remain aloof” a. Involve more about the search of mind and spiritual process b. Contain principles to live by Western philosophy Recorded in written form “Get cornered” a. Focus on some superior of truth b. Make claims based on logical or empirical arguments On “Philosophy” Origin: Greek word φιλοσοφ?α(philosophia) Meaning: “love of wisdom” It All Begins With Doubt… Western philosophy and thinking all begins with doubt and uncertainty regarding the world Nothing is certain, so a certain wonder must be present to know anything for sure The Greeks attempted to understand the principles of the world. They wondered about numbers, orders, and logic, etc. Greek rationalism: the idea that life should be based on reason and logic, not based on emotion and superstition This was passed down to the Romans, and beyond “At the time when Chinese scholars (Confucians and Taoists) were concerned with social relationships and human harmony about the world, Greek philosophers were arguing about what nature itself is.” The natural philosophy in the early Greek period What makes the universe? water ( Thales) air (Anaximenes) fire (Heracleitue) atom (Democritus) numbers (Pythagoras) They place a special kind of matter at the beginning of the development of the world. The Greek philosophy in the Classical age Socrates (469-399 BC) Plato (427-347 BC) Aristotle (384-322 BC) Their collective influence extended into the Renaissance, Enlightenment, and Scientific Revolution. Life Theres not a lot that c