细胞质膜与细胞表面.ppt

作 业 简述细胞黏附分子、细胞外基质与肿瘤细胞迁移的关系。 Figure?19-18?Summary of the various cell junctions found in animal cell epithelia.????This drawing is based on epithelial cells of the small intestine. Figure?19-19?Plasmodesmata.????(A) The cytoplasmic channels of plasmodesmata pierce the plant cell wall and connect all cells in a plant together. (B) Each plasmodesma is lined with plasma membrane common to two connected cells. It usually also contains a fine tubular structure (20-40nm), the desmotubule, derived from smooth endoplasmic reticulum.    Figure?19-20?Plasmodesmata as seen in the electron microscope.????(A) Longitudinal section of a plasmodesma from a water fern. The plasma membrane lines the pore and is continuous from one cell to the next. Endoplasmic reticulum and its association with the central desmotubule can be seen. (B) A similar plasmodesma in cross-section. (Courtesy of R. Overall.)  Figure?19-21?The simplest mechanism by which cells assemble to form a tissue.????The progeny of the founder cell are retained in the epithelial sheet by the basal lamina and by cell-cell adhesion mechanisms, including the formation of intercellular junctions. There Are Two Basic Ways in Which Animal Cells Assemble into Tissues III. Cell Adhension  Figure?19-22?An example of a more complex mechanism by which cells assemble to form a tissue.????Neural crest cells escape from the epithelium forming the upper surface of the neural tube and migrate away to form a variety of cell types and tissues throughout the embryo. Here they are shown assembling and differentiating to form two collections of nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system. Such a collection of nerve cells is called a ganglion. Other neural crest cells differentiate in the ganglion to become supporting (satellite) cells surrounding the neurons. Although it is not shown, the neural crest cells proliferate rapidly as they migrate.  Figure?19-23?Organ-specific adhesion of dissociated vertebrate embryo cells determi