内分泌1 Endocrine system高教版.ppt

The physiological effects of GH depend on age: Young stage： GH ↑ → Gigantism GH ↓ → Dwarfishness Adult stage ： GH ↑ → Acromegaly Dwarfishness (侏 儒 症) (巨人症) Gigantism 2) effect metabolism ① promotes protein formation ② Increase mobilization of fatty acid from adipose tissue and use fats for energy. ③ Decrease rate of carbohydrate utilization by all or most cells, then increases the blood glucose level. Regulation of GH Secretion： 1）Hypothalamus : GHRH↑→GH↑ GHRIH↑→GH↓ 2）Feedback : GH↑→ GHRH ↓、 IGF↑ →GHRIH↑→GH↓← IGF↑ 3）Day night rhythm and Sleep: SWS→GH↑；REMS→GH↓ 4）Metabolic factors: Glu↓、AA↑、FA ↓ → GH↑ (2) Prolactin (PRL) The physiologic functions of PRL: promote galactophore growth during the gestation period , keep milk-secretion. Estrogen Progestin GH、GC Insulin PRL T3 T4 Estrogen Progestin PRL PRL youthhood → gestation period → suckling period 2.Hypothalamus and Neurohypophysis Hormones of Posterior Pituitary AVP or ADH Supraoptic nuclei Paraventricular unclei Oxytocin 2.1 Oxytocin (OXT) The physiologic functions of OXT： （1）Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle cells in the breasts which helps express milk from the glands of the breast during suckling. （2） Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle cells in the uterus (at the end of gestation). 1.进入“内分泌2” 2.返回“神经6” 3.结束 4.返回主菜单 Endocrine system CHAPTER 12 The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands，tissues and cells that are able to produce hormones . Main endocrine glands: Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Adrenal gland Pancreas islets Sex gland SECTION A GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1. Mode of Delivery for Hormone and Chemical Classification of Hormones. 2. Characteristics of hormone Action. 3. Mechanisms of Hormone Action. 4. Control