基于单片机超声波测距仪的设计.doc

PAGE PAGE 1 基于单片机超声波测距仪的设计 摘要：电子测距仪需要测量0.10 ~ 5.00m范围，测量精度为1cm，与被测物体无直接接触，能够清晰稳定地显示测量结果。由于超声能量消耗的缓慢，在介质中传播的距离较远，因而超声波经常用于距离的测量，如测距仪和物位测量仪可以实现超声。超声波测距仪，可应用于汽车倒车、建筑施工现场和一些工业现场的监控，也可用于液位、井深、管道长度的测量等方面。超声波检测的应用往往更为快速、方便、简单，易于实现实时控制，并且可以满足工业方面的实际要求，在测量精度方面，因此它已被广泛应用于移动机器人的研究中。 NE555电路、两级放大电路和电平比较电路实现了超声波的发射与接收。单片机是测距仪的核心单元，它可以实现发射电路的控制和接收数据的处理。整个系统的测量精度在距离10 ~ 200cm可达±0.5cm，易于调试，成本低，具有很强的实用价值和良好的市场前景。 关键字：超声波传感器，测距仪，PIC16F876A Abstract：Ultrasonic Ranging, can be used in car reversing, the construction site and the location of some industrial site monitoring, can also be used if the level, depth and length of the pipeline, such as measurement occasions. Measurement of the requirements in the 0.10-5.00 m, precision 1 cm, with the measurement of detected objects without direct contact, being able to clearly show stable measurement results. Because of the strong point of ultrasonic energy consumption slow, medium of communication in the longer distance, thus frequently used ultrasonic distance measurement, such as the range finder and level measurement and so on can be achieved by ultrasound. Use of ultrasonic testing is often more rapid, convenient and simple terms, easy to achieve real-time control, and measurement accuracy can meet the practical requirements of industry, in the mobile robot has been developed on a wide range of applications. The range finder only NE555 circuit， two amplifier circuit and the level achieved a comparison of launching and receiving ultrasound. SCM range finder for the core elements for launching the circuit control and receive data processing. 10-200 cm in the system of distance measurement accuracy up to ± 0.5cm， and easy to debug， low-cost， with strong practical value and good market prospects. Keywords: Ultrasonic sensors, range finder, PIC16F876A 目 录 TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u 一、系统方案比较与选择 4 方案一：利用分立模块的超声波测距仪 4 方案二：基于PIC16F876A单片机的超声波测距仪 4 二、理论分析与计算 6 1、测量与控制方法 6 2、理论计算 6 三、电路与程序设计 7 1、检测与驱动电路设计 7 2、总体电路图 12