2018年高考英语一轮复习 语法专项 二、非谓语动词讲义 外研版.pptVIP

二、非谓语动词 ;考点1 非谓语动词作状语 1. 不定式作状语 (1)原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。 (2)目的状语可与so as to/in order to替换, 但so as to一般不可置于句首。 (3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果, 常用only to do。;*I was satisfied to hear the news. (原因状语) *To catch the first bus, he got up very early. (目的状语) *I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (结果状语);【点津】熟记不定式表结果的固定结构: only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such as to. . . ; . . . enough (for sb. ) to. . . ;2. 分词作状语 (1)v. -ing形式: 现在分词作状语, 用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系, 且含有进行之意。;(2)v. -ed形式: a. 过去分词作状语, 用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系, 且含有完成之意。;b. 源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语, 表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系, 其前不用being, 常见的有: seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。;*Not knowing what to do, I had to wait here. *Given more attention, the children could have grown better. *Absorbed in reading, we all didn’t hear the sound. *Having driven all day, we were rather tired. ;【点津】①把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系, 区别现在分词与过去分词; ②不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果, 现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果; ③准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法; ④现在分词的完成式having done表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系, 同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。;3. 有些分词或不定式短语作状语, 构成独立结构, 其形 式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有: generally speaking一般来说; frankly speaking坦白地 说; judging from/by. . . 根据……来判断; considering. . . /taking. . . into consideration考虑到……; to tell you the truth说实话; compared to/with与……相比较; to begin with首先; seeing. . . 鉴于/由于……; supposing假设, 如;果; assuming假使; given考虑到, 鉴于; provided (that. . . ) 如果; concerning关于;4. 独立主格结构 (1)独立主格结构的特点: ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在; ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系; ③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。;(2)独立主格结构的构成: ①名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词; ②名词/代词+形容词; ③名词/代词+副词; ④名词/代词+不定式; ⑤名词/代词+介词短语。;*The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday. *The president assassinated(=After the president was assassinated), the whole country was in deep sorrow. *Weather permitting(=If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow. ;【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空 ①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cook