北京中考英语二轮复习第二篇语法突破篇语法专题八动词的时态和语态.pptVIP

③一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事,关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等,与现在无关。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响,因此,若不强调某事对现在的影响就不用现在完成时。 I saw the movie yesterday. 昨天我看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的) I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。(强调到现在为止看过这部电影了) ④延续性动词 在现在完成时中,如果有表示持续的时间状语,则要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。 I have had the book for two days. 这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had而不用bought) I have been in Tokyo for two weeks. 我已经来东京两周了。(用been in而不用come to) 常见的非延续性动词变延续性动词: ·have arrived at/in sp, have got to/reached sp, have come/gone/moved to sp→have been in sp ·have become→have been ·have got up→have been up ·have died→　　　　　 　? ·have left sp→　　　　 　　? ·have fallen asleep/gone to sleep→have been asleep ·have finished/ended/completed→______________________ ·have married→have been married ·have begun→　　　　　 　? ·have borrowed→　　　 　　　? ·have bought→have had ·have caught/got a cold→have had a cold ·have got to know→have known ·have joined the League/the Party/the army→have been a member of the League/the Party/the army或have been in the League/the Party/the army have been dead have been away from sp have been over have been on have kept ⑤have been to, have gone to, have been in的区别: have been to表示“曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来,现在已不在该地;have gone to表示“已去了某地”,说话时已到达某地或在去某地的途中,现在还未回来;have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”,后面跟副词时不用in。 —Where is Mrs.Smith? 史密斯夫人在哪儿? —She isnt here. She has gone to England. 她不在这儿,她去了英格兰。 动词的语态 考点一　被动语态的构成 构成:be+及物动词的过去分词 (1)一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+动词的过去分词 (2)一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词 (3)一般将来时的被动语态:will/shall/be going to+be+动词的过去分词 (4)现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词 (5)现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+动词的过去分词 (6)过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+动词的过去分词 (7)过去完成时的被动语态: had+been+动词的过去分词 (8)过去将来时的被动语态: would+be+动词的过去分词 (9)含有情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 (10)在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面作宾语补足语的不定式,在主动结构中不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要还原to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 被动结构: A stranger was seen ____________into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进了这座楼。 to walk 考点二　某些动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1.英语中