【素材】Unit 1 文档 John Snow（人教）.docVIP

John Snow (physician) Dr. John Snow Born 15 March 1813 \o York York, \o England England Died 16 June 1858 Citizenship \o United Kingdom British Fields \o Epidemiology epidemiology Known?for \o Anaesthesia anaesthesia, locating source of a cholera outbreak, thus establishing the link between this infection and water as its vector John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858) was a British physician and a leader in the adoption of \o Anaesthesia anaesthesia and medical \o Hygiene hygiene. He is considered to be one of the fathers of \o Epidemiology epidemiology, because of his work in tracing the source of a \o 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak cholera outbreak in Soho, England, in 1854. Early life and education Snow was born 15 March 1813 in \o York York, \o England England. He was the first of nine children born to William and Frances Snow in their North Street home. His neighbourhood was one of the poorest in the city and was always in danger of flooding because of its proximity to the \o River Ouse, Yorkshire River Ouse. His father worked in the local coal yards, which were constantly replenished from the Yorkshire coalfields via barges on the Ouse. Snow was baptised \o Anglican Anglican at the church of \o Medieval churches of York All Saints, North Street. All Saints, North Street. Snow studied in York until the age of 14, when he was apprenticed to William Hardcastle, a \o Surgeon surgeon in \o Newcastle-upon-Tyne Newcastle-upon-Tyne and physician to \o George Stephenson George Stephenson and family. William Hardcastle was a friend of Snows uncle, Charles Empson, who was both a witness to Hardcastles marriage and executor of his will. Charles Empsom also went to school with \o Robert Stephenson Robert Stephenson and it was probably through these connections that Snow acquired his apprenticeship so far from his home town of York. Snow later worked as a colliery surgeon. Between 1833 and 1836 he was an assistant in practice, first