话语的力量茶喻病喻地理喻钱谦益论竟陵派.doc

PAGE PAGE 1 文學批評有情天：錢謙益對鍾惺之情誼與攻排探微 武陵高中國文科/王鐿容 Thesis: Sentiments of Literary Criticism: Qian Qian-yi’s friendship and critical discussion with Zhong Si 摘要 鍾惺是晚明竟陵派的代表人物，繼公安派成為詩壇大家；錢謙益是明末清初的虞山詩派開創者，繼公安、竟陵之後成為文壇領袖。錢謙益和鍾惺為同年進士，之後鍾惺崛起於文壇，成為繼公安袁宏道之後的詩壇閃耀明星。在撻伐鍾惺的批評聲浪中，錢謙益是一位非常突出的人物，他對竟陵派的批評言辭不僅數量多，而且言辭十分犀利，一整套的負面論述深深影響鍾惺和竟陵派在文學史上的形象和定位。關於錢謙益對竟陵派的批評，學界有一些相關的研究成果：一般來說學界涉及錢謙益和鍾惺關係的論述，總是看到錢謙益對鍾惺的猛力抨擊而忽略其交游的面向；看到其尖刻的批判而忽略其溫情的一面。 本文要處理的是錢氏在公、私領域呈現不同的態度和情感表達所形成的矛盾。對於公、私領域的理解，擬借用「公領域」一詞的發端者──漢娜．阿倫特（Hannah Arendt 1906—1975）的相關論述。公領域可以說是人在政治、文學、文化等公開場域中的發言，其話語經常帶有目的性。而私領域則指個人在心靈、生活、家庭、情感中的隱蔽世界，是一塊較不含權力慾望色彩的境／淨地。筆者嘗試將錢謙益對鍾惺的諸多文字表述分成公、私領域兩方面來理解，或可以解釋其中隱含的矛盾性。 關鍵詞：錢謙益?鍾惺?竟陵派?公領域?私領域?文學場域 Abstract Zhong Si was the representative of the Jingling faction in the late Ming Dynasty and he became a great poet following the GongAn faction; whereas Qian Qign-yi was the pioneer in Lusan poem faction from late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, who later became the literary leader following GongAn and Jing-ling. Qian Qiang-yi and Zhong Si both were Jingshi (equivalent to todays PhD) from the same year, and Zhong Si later rose from the literary world and became the star in poetry after GongAn Yuanhongdao. In a wave of criticism launched against Zhong Si, Qian Qian-yi was a very prominent figure who not only criticized heavily on Jingling faction with sharp words, his complete set of negative discussion had profoundly impacted on the image and position of Zhong Si and Jingling faction in the history of literature. The academia obtained some relevant study results with respect to Qian Qian-yi’s criticism against Jingling faction: In general, the discussion on the relationship between Qian Qian-yi and Zhong Si usually involved the harsh criticism from Qian Qian-yi on Zhong Si while neglecting the aspect of their friendship; where usually the sharp criticism is observed while neglecting the mild side of their relationship. The study aims at discussing the discrepancy formed from Qian’s different attit