新概念一-L83-L86-现在完成时专项练习.docVIP

现在完成时的定义 现在完成时表示过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与 just, already, yet, ever, never, before, recently 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。 例句：I have already had breakfast. 表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示“ 从过去某一点时间延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用。如：for + 时间段， since + 时间点/一段时间+ ago/ 一般过去时的从句，in the past/ last few years, so far, up to now, how long 等，表示持续动作或者状态的动词必须是延续性动词。 例句：I have had this book for 2 years.(对) I have bought this book for 2 years.(错) 构成 肯定句：主语 + have/ has + 过去分词 + 其他. 例句： I have finished my homework. 否定句：主语 + have/ has + not + 过去分词 + 其他. 例句： I haven’t finished my homework. 一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语 +过去分词 + 其他？ Yes, 主语 + have/ has. /No, 主语 + haven’t/ hasn’t. 例句：Have you finished your homework? Yes, I have./ No, I haven’t. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + have/ has +主语 +过去分词 + 其他？ 例句：When have you already finished your homework? I have already finished it since 5 o’ clock. 三． 规则动词过去分词的变化规律（和过去式的变化一样） 1. 一般情况加 –ed 2. 以 e 结尾的，加-d 3. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，变y 为 i 加-ed 4. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节单词，双写末尾辅音字母加-ed 四. already 和 yet 在现在完成时的用法 1. already , 意为“已经”，通常用于现在完成时的肯定句中，放在助动词 have/ has 后，过去分词前或者句尾。 例句：They’ ve already read this book for an hour. 2. yet, 意为 “已经，还”，用于否定句中或者疑问句中，放在句末。还可以用于现在完成时态的缩略回答。 例句： Have you visited your friends? No, not yet. 五. have/ has been to sp 和 have/ has gone to sp 的区别与用法 1. have/ has been to sp 表示“曾经到过某地”，是一种经历，含有现在已经离开那里之意，侧重于经历。后面可接次数（如 once, twice, three times 等），表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 ever, never 等常连用. 例句： Have you ever been to Paris? Yes, I have. 2. have/has gone to sp ，意为“到某地去了”不知道是否已到，但是该人不在说话现场，所以主语常是第三人称。 例句：Where is Mrs. Smith? She has gone to Germany. 语法专练 1. You that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 2. ---Would you like some more food? --- Thank you. I enough. will have B. have had C. have D. had 3. He his homework and he is now listening to music. A. finished B. has finished C.finish D. is finishing 4. --- you