外文翻译--液压动力的介绍.doc

附录 附录1 英文原文 Introduction to Fluid Power 1.1 WHAT IS FLUID POWER? Fluid power is the technology that deals with the generation, control, and transmission of power-using pressurized fluids. It can be said that fluid power is the muscle that moves industry. This is because fluid power is used to push, pull, regulate, or drive virtually all the machines of modern industry. For example, fluid power steers and brakes automobiles, launches spacecraft, moves earth, harvests crops, mines coal, drives machine tools, controls airplanes, processes food, and even drills teeth. In fact, it is almost impossible to find a manufactured product that hasn’t been “fluid-powered” in some way at some stage of its production or distribution. Since a fluid can be either a liquid or a gas, fluid power is actually the general term used for hydraulics and pneumatics. Hydraulic systems use liquids such as petroleum oils, water, synthetic oils, and even molten metals. The first hydraulic fluid to be used was water because it is readily available. However, water has many deficiencies. It freezes readily, is a relatively poor lubricant, and tends to rust metal components. Hydraulic oils are far superior and hence are widely used in lieu of water. Pneumatic systems use air as the gas medium because air is very abundant and can be readily exhausted into the atmosphere after completing its assigned task. It should be realized that there are actually two different types of fluid systems: fluid transport and fluid power. Fluid transport systems have as their sole objective the delivery of a fluid from one location to another to accomplish some useful purpose. Examples include pumping stations for pumping water to homes, Cross-country gas lines, and systems where chemical processing takes place as various fluids are brought together. Fluid power systems are designed specifically to perform work. The work is accomplished by a pressurized fluid bearing directly on an operating fluid cylinder or flui