运筹学实验指导书.docxVIP

运筹学实验指导书 彭佑元 闫莹 刘东霞编 经济与管理学院 前 言 在目前的环境中，运筹学的性质正在改变。这是因为人们对以算法为中心的课程不再有足够的耐心，相反，他们对以商业环境为背景的课程更为需要，包括一些著名的非数学问题、使用电子表格，以及建立和评估模型，而并非对模型结构本身的研究。在教学中使用电子表格软件已经成为管理教学的一个明显的新潮流。这意味着，原先在传统运筹学教科书中占有重要地位的代数学的门帘已经可以被轻轻拉开了。 对于未来的管理者和管理咨询人员，本实验将把重点放在电子表格在管理科学知识的应用上。然而，对一个实际问题建立电子表格模型通常需要花很多时间在模型设计和数据输入上。因此，常常按照下列工作程序，一步一步地完成建模：理解问题；以书面形式逐步展开某些重要结构；收集数据；用定量的语言表达数据间的关系；最后形成电子表格模型。这种结构化的方法重点突出了建模的主要元素（数据、决策目标、约束条件、绩效度量）及其相应的不同类型的单元格。 另外，电子表格并不是进行管理科学分析的唯一工具，偶尔应用的代数学或图形分析工具也享有的重要地位。电子表格软件只是我们达到某一目标的工具，而并非目标本身。 计算机运行的环境 本实验介绍使用的应用软件是 Microsoft Office 2000 中文版中的 Microsoft Excel，需要 Microsoft Excel 中的加载宏程序。 启动 Excel 后，在“工具”菜单上，单击“加载宏”命令。在“加载宏”列表框中，选定待添加加载宏选项左侧的复选框。 单击“确定”按钮后，在“工具”菜单上就可以找到“规划求解”的命令项，这表明安装成功。 使用 Excel 的加载宏 TreePlan 在电子表格上进行构建和分析决策树。与其他 Excel 加载宏一样，这些加载宏需要安装才能在 Excel 中显示出来。 目 录 实验一 线性规划········································································································1 1.1 实验目的·········································································································1 1.2 案例·················································································································1 1.3 实验内容·········································································································7 1.4 实验要求·········································································································7 1.5 练习·················································································································8实验二 指派问题········································································································9 2.1 实验目的·········································································································9 2.2 案例·················································································································9 2.3 实验内容·······································································································15 2.4 实验要求··········································