基因流动和和GM作物的环境风险评估.ppt

Gene flow and weediness (invasiveness)基因流动和杂草化 (入侵) Phenomenon is called “ecological release” Methods to predict the ecological release hazard of transgenes will be described in the next presentation 这种现象被称为“生态释放” 在下一个报告中将介绍预测转基因生态释放危害性的方法 Gene flow and genetic resources基因流动和遗传资源 Gene flow from transgenic crop to a wild relative that may contain valuable genetic variation for crop breeding Harm results from spread of the transgene causing a reduction in genetic variation in the wild relative 基因从转基因作物中流动到野生亲缘植物中,在这种野生亲缘植物中可能会包含对培育这种作物非常有价值的基因变异 危害性主要是由于转基因的传播所造成的在野生亲缘植物中基因变异的减少 Gene flow and genetic resources基因流动和遗传资源 Theoretical possibility under high gene flow or selection Will be limited to genes linked to the transgene Minimal effect in outcrossing species (e.g., maize) Higher effect in inbreeding species (e.g., rice) For inbreeding species, this hazard is conceptually similar to weediness 转基因连锁的基因会限制高基因流动性或选择性 异型杂交品种受到的影响最小 (例如玉米) 同系杂交品种受到的影响最大 (例如水稻) 在同系杂交品种中, 这种危害性与杂草化相似 Data requirements for risk assessment风险评估所需的数据 Null hypothesis is that the biology of the crop is unchanged by genetic modification A test of this hypothesis forms part of the hazard assessment for weediness and is described in the next presentation If the hypothesis is corroborated, information about the non-GM crop is valid for use in the risk assessment 初始假设是作物的生物学特征不会因为基于修饰而发生改变 为了验证这个假设所作的测试是杂草化风险评估的一个组成部分,将在下一个报告中介绍 如果这个假设被证实,那么关于非GM作物的信息将被使用在风险评估中 Data requirements for risk assessment风险评估所需的数据 If sufficient information is available to assess adventitious presence, volunteering, weediness and gene flow to wild relatives, no new studies are required Likely to have sufficient knowledge for major crops 如果有充分的信息测定不定生长,自然生长,杂草化和向野生亲缘的基因流动,那么就不需要进行其他的实验了 对主要作物有更多的认识 What if insufficient knowledge? 如果数据不充分怎么办? May have insufficient knowledge for minor crops or for major crops growing outside historical area of cultivation Consider experiments to assess Dormancy Volunteering