英美文学 nauralism modernism realism 等名词解释.doc

American Modernism is a cultural movement which began in the beginning of the 20th century with its core period between World War I and World War II and continuing into the 21st century. I it’s key elements are experimentation, anti-realism, individualism and a stress on the cerebral大脑的 rather than emotive aspects. It was a movement of artists and designers who rebelled against late??19th century academic and historical tradition,and embraced the new economic, social and political aspects of the emerging modern world. Among American writers, the best-known Modernists are T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner and so on. The term the lost generation was coined by Gertrude Stein when she commented on Ernest Hemingway and used it to describe the people of the 1920s who rejected American post World War I values..The Lost Generation defines a sense of moral loss or aimlessness apparent in literary figures during the 1920s. The word “lost” not only means many writers’ depression and disappointment towards the society, but also young people’s who disregards conventional standards of lifestyle, among them, majority took part in World WarⅠand were hurt both in spirit and physic because of American hypocritical democracy and freedom. The main representatives of Lost Generation include T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway Transcendentalism is a philosophical and literary movement that flourished in new England from about the early 19th century. It is the summit of American Romanticism. It holds that one must transcend, in a sense go beyond, logic and experience through intuition in order to find the deepest truths. The Transcendentalists stressed spirit or the Oversoul. They affirmes the role of individual and saw nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. The main representatives are Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau and Magart Fuller. American Realism came in the latter half of the nineteenth century as a reaction against Romanticism. It