骨髓抑制特有的毒性反应.pptVIP

Part 3. Principle of rational administration 1. 明确诊断; 2. 严格掌握药物适应症和禁忌症 3.根据药物的特性选择剂型和给药途径 4.确定剂量和疗程 5.科学的药物配伍 Let’s have a rest ! Chapter 4. Antineoplastics (抗恶性肿瘤药)  Part 2. Antineoplastics Part 3. The combined treatment principles toxic reaction of antineoplastics Chapter 4. Antineoplastics Part 1. The pharmacological basis of antineoplastics Part 1. The pharmacological basis of antineoplastics: 1. Classification of antineoplastics (1)According to chemical structure and source: ①Alkylating agents(烷化剂: 氮芥类等) ②Antimetabolite(抗代谢物: MTX, 5-FU等) ③Antineoplastic antibiotic(抗肿瘤抗生素) ④Antineoplastic plant drugs(抗肿瘤植物药) ⑤Hormones(激素及其拮抗剂) ⑥Others(其他: 铂类配合物和门冬酰胺酶) (2)According to biochemical mechanism: ①Drugs inhibiting biosynthesis of nucleic acid (MTX, 5-FU, 6-MP, HN2, et al.); ②Drugs directly destroying DNA structure and function(CTX, DDP, MMC, BLM, et al.); ③Drugs interfering transcript process and inhibiting RNA synthesis (DACT, ADM, et al.); ④Drugs interfering protein synthesis and function (VLB, VCR, paclitaxel紫杉醇, et al.); ⑤Drugs interfering Hormone balance (prednison, androgen, estrogen, et al.). The mechanisms and sites ①Cell cycle-nonspecific agents(CCNSA): 可以抑制或杀灭增殖细胞群中各期细胞. Alkylating agents (烷化剂), Antitumor antibiotics(抗肿瘤抗生素), Preparation of platinum(铂制剂), etc. ②Cell cycle-specific agents(CCSA): 这类药仅对细胞增殖周期中某一期有较强作用. Ara-C(阿糖胞苷) and HU(羟基脲) : 抑制核酸合成, 对S期作用显著; VLB(长春碱): 选择性作用于M期. (3)Classification of antineoplastics according to cell generation cycle: Affection of antineoplastics to cell generation cycle (1)Cell generation cycle: Cell generation cycle can be divided into: G0 phase, G1 phase, S(synthesis) phase, G2 phase M(mitosis) phase. G0 phase cell is non-proliferating cell population, G1 phase to M phase cell are pro-liferating cell population. (2)Growth fraction(GF, 生长比率): proliferating cell populatio