网络互连及设备.ppt

Routing Protocol Routing Protocol RIP（Route information protocol） Rfc2453（ripv2）(for small middle network16hops) Algorithm：distance vector algorithm Procedure: Every 30 seconds, the RIP process is awakened to send an unsolicited Response message containing the complete routing table to every neighboring router. Compare the resulting update distances with the current routing table entries. If the new resulting distance is smaller than the existing value, adopt the new route. If the updater is the router from which the existing route came, i.e., then use the new metric even if it is larger than the old one. Routing Protocol RIP-----Count-to-infinity Example: 交换次数 R1路由表 R4路由表 R 2路由表 R3路由表 初始 Net0 - 1 Net0 - 16 Net0 - 16 Net0 - 16 第1次 Net0 - 1 Net0 R1 2 Net0 R1 11 Net0 - 16 第2次 Net0 - 1 Net0 R1 2 Net0 R4 3 Net0 R4 3 Here, 16means infinity 交换次数 R1路由表 R4路由表 R 2路由表 R3路由表 初始 Net0 - 1 Net0 - 16 Net0 R4 3 Net0 R4 3 第1次 Net0 - 1 Net0 R2 4 Net0 R4 3 Net0 R4 3 第2次 Net0 - 1 Net0 R2 4 Net0 R4 4 Net0 R4 4 第3次 Net0 - 1 Net0 R2 5 Net0 R4 4 Net0 R4 4 … … … … … Net0 - 1 Net0 R2 12 Net0 R1 11 Net0 R4 12 在180s之内，R4没有收到邻居R1关于Net0的消息，则 认为链路中断，距离置为16 Problem: two routers have routes pointing at each other . The two solutions as following: split horizon with poisoned reverse Split horizon is a scheme for avoiding problems caused by including routes in updates sent to the router from which they were learned. Split horizon with poisoned reverse“ includes such routes in updates, but sets their metrics to infinity. triggered updates “Split horizon with poisoned reverse” will prevent any routing loops that involve only two routers. However, it is still possible to end up with patterns in which three routers are engaged in mutual deception. To get triggered updates, we simply add a rule that whenever a router changes the metric for a route, it is required to send update messages almost immediately, even if it is not yet time for one of the regular update message. Rout