骨科术后静脉血栓的预防与护理.PPT

1.加快血液流速－－改善血液淤滞 2.增加纤溶活性－－凝血性能改善 * 充血性心力衰竭，肺水肿或下肢严重水肿 下肢深静脉血栓症、血栓性静脉炎或肺栓塞 IPC和GCS不适用于下肢局部情况异常（如皮炎、坏疽、近期接受皮肤移植手术），下肢血管严重动脉硬化或其他缺血性血管病、下肢严重畸形等 机械预防禁忌症 * Company Logo L o g o L o g o Company Logo Company Logo Company Logo Company Logo Company Logo Company Logo Company Logo Company Logo There is a very strong association between pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT): - 90% of pulmonary emboli are the results of DVT - A recent study showed that 82% of patients with acute PE had detectable DVT at the time PE was diagnosed. - Silent PE occurs in more than 50% of patients with symptomatic proximal DVT. As the venous clot in the leg grows it extends along the vein. DVT can develop into a chronic condition in which damage to the valves in the veins results in swelling of the leg, pain and venous hypertension (known as post-thrombotic syndrome - PTS) Parts of the clot can also detach, travelling in the blood to block vessels in the lungs, subsequently causing pulmonary embolism (PE). If less than 50% of the pulmonary circulation is blocked, symptoms are generally limited to shortness of breath or are absent altogether. Very large emboli, however, can cause massive blockage of the pulmonary circulation and rapidly lead to death. 1. Pesavento R, Lusiani L, Visona A, et al. Prevalenza di embolia polmonare clinicamente silente nella trombosi venosa profonda degli arti inferiori. Minerva Cardioangiologica 1997;45:369-375. 2. Girard P, Musset D, Parent F, Maitre S, Phlippoteau C, Simmonneau G. High prevalence of detectable deep venous thrombosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Chest 1999;116:903-908. VTE is often silent and difficult to diagnose : Approximately 80% of all DVTs are silent 2. DVT often goes under-diagnosed as it is frequently asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur they are non-specific (pain in the calves or thigh muscles and swelling). Similar symptoms can occur with simple muscle strains or streptococcal infections. Often,