语言学phonoogy音韵学.pptVIP

4)Affective meaning情感意义 Suppose that John Smith, happily married to Mary Smith, addresses his wife as “Mary Smith, how many times have I asked you not to flip through the TV channels?” There would be reason to look beyond the words for the “meaning” of this unusual form of address. Mary Smith, how many times I asked you not to… Darling, how many times I asked you not to… Honey, how many times I asked you not to… Frustration, annoyance The level of meaning that conveys the language user’s feelings, including his attitude or evaluation in shaping his use of language is called affective meaning or emotive meaning. Affective meaning=emotive meaning The attitude and feelings of the speaker/writer appreciative/commendatory meaning prerogative /derogatory meaning e.g. propaganda publicity persistence perseverance politician and statesman 5) Reflective meaning反映意义 Association of another sense of the same expression Reflective Meaning 通过与同一个词的另一个意义的联想来传递的意义。(多义联想）E.g. Nuclear family White elephant Goldlion Fangfang 立邦漆 Childish/womanish/boyish/ Childlike/womanly/manly 褒贬视语境而定： “son of bitch” — crude vulgarity “讨厌”— friendliness, intimacy 6. Collocative meaning搭配意义 Association with words which tend to occur in the environment of another word pretty vs. handsome clear conscience: without guilt clear case: unmistakable white elephant, white lie（白) green on the job, green fruit, green with envy, green-eyed Belle, gillette Color terms: Mr Brown is a very white man. He is looking rather green. But he has been feeling blue lately. When I saw him, he was in a brown study. I hope he’ll soon be in the pink again. 7) Thematic meaning主题意义 What is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis说话者或写文章的人借助组织信息的方式（语序强调手段，信息焦点的安排）来传递的一种意义。 Two hooligans beat Xiao Ming yesterday. Xiao Ming was beaten yesterday. I went to the Great Wall last year. Last year I went to the Great Wall. * Recepted pro