必看课件资料Chapter3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage, The Ricardian Model.ppt

3-* Production Possibilities(生产可能性) The production possibility frontier (PPF) of an economy shows the maximum amount of a goods that can be produced for a fixed amount of resources. If QC represents the quantity of cheese produced and QW represents the quantity of wine produced, then the production possibility frontier of the domestic economy has the equation: aLCQC + aLWQW = L Total units of wine production Labor required for each unit of cheese production Total units of cheese production Labor required for each unit of wine production Total amount of labor resources 3-* Fig. 3-1: Home’s Production Possibility Frontier The opportunity cost is equal to the absolute value of the slope of the PPF (aLC /aLW ), and it is constant when unit labor requirements are constant. 3-* Production Possibilities (cont.) In general, the amount of the domestic economy’s production is defined by aLCQC + aLWQW ≤ L This describes what an economy can produce, but to determine what the economy does produce, we must determine the prices of goods.（生产可能性边界表示一个国家能够生产的不同产品组合，但是要确定一个国家究竟生产什么，生产多少，还需要知道产品的价格和生产成本，尤其是两种产品的相对价格。） 3-* Production, Prices and Wages Let PC be the price of cheese and PW be the price of wine. Because of competition（竞争经济中不存在利润）, hourly wages of cheese makers are equal to the market value of the cheese produced in an hour(奶酪部门每小时工资等于1个工人在1小时内创造的价值): PC /aLC hourly wages of wine makers are equal to the market value of the wine produced in an hour: PW /aLW 当一国奶酪的相对价格高于它的机会成本时，该国就专门生产奶酪；当奶酪的相对价格低于它的机会成本时，该国就专门生产葡萄酒。 当奶酪的相对价格等于它的机会成本时，本国两种产品都生产，此时没有国际贸易。 3-* Trade in the Ricardian Model Suppose the domestic country is more efficient in wine and cheese production. It has an absolute advantage in all production: its unit labor requirements for wine and cheese production are lower than those in the foreign country: aLC a*LC and aLW a*LW The domestic country has a comparative advantage in cheese production: its opportunity cost of producing cheese is lower than it i