非谓语动词(二)解.pptVIP

英语语法系列讲座（八） 非谓语动词 一、? 动名词的形式和特征： 1．动名词由动词原形加词尾ing构成，与动词现在分词同形，动名词具有动词和名词的特征。 2．动名词与动词相比较，它具有名词的某些特征，与名词相比较，它具有动词的某些特征。 二、动名词的用法：动名词在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语等成分。 1．?作主语。例句： Seeing is believing. Reading aloud is very important in learning English. 在 “It is no use (good) doing …”句型中，常用it 作形式主语，而将作主语的动名词短语放在后面，例句： It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is no good behaving like that. It does him a lot of good taking a cold bath every day. 2．作表语：动名词从内容方面说明主语，可以与主语互换位置。 例句：Her job is looking after these children. ?Looking after these children is her job. The little boy’s hobby is collecting stamps. ?Collecting stamps is the little boy’s hobby. 3．? 作宾语： 1）? 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语，不可以用动词不定式或其他动词形式代替，这类动词包括：acknowledge, admit, avoid, anticipate, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, endure, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, require, risk, stop, suggest等。例句： We would certainly enjoy having dinner with the film star next Sunday. At the very moment he considered shouting for help. You should try to avoid making the same silly mistake again. 在短语can’t help / stand / bear 和feel like后，也常常用动名词作宾语： All the students can’t help laughing at the old professor’s funny words. It is rather cold outside. I don’t feel like going swimming today. 2）在介词后面通常要用动名词作宾语。例句： My sister is fond of reading novels. We’re tired of having the same kind of food every day. Mr. Smith earns his living by teaching at a high school. 3）注意有些动词后接动名词与不定式的情况： remember doing / to do forget doing / to do want doing (?to be done) / to do need doing (?to be done)/ to do like doing / to do begin / start to do / doing 三、动名词的否定结构、完成形式和被动形式： 1．动名词的否定结构为not + 动名词： Trying without success is better than not trying at all. He was scolded for not handing in his exercise in time. 2．动名词的完成形式为having + 过去分词，表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前： I regretted not having taken my professor’s advice. He denied having peeked at his neighbor’s