g(英译汉第七讲)复杂定语从句和否定句的翻译.ppt

高级英语笔译 An Advanced Course of English Translation 英汉翻译技巧第七讲 复杂定语从句和否定句 的翻译 一、复杂定语从句的翻译 复杂的定语从句，即一个句子带有两个或两个以上定语从句的结构。如一主二仆式定语从句较为复杂，指的是一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况，主要有以下几种译法： A. 译成定语：可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语，也可译成分开的定语修饰先行词，或分别修饰重复的先行词。例如： Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history. 　B. 译成并列句：可以把两个定语从句简单地译成一个并列句，也可以把它们译成两个分开的并列句，用来表示并列、转折或先后顺序等关系： Not surprisingly, the most complex political structures appeared in the Sudan, where long distance trade was most highly developed and where Islamic influence was the strongest. This hope was nurtured by the great victories won by Genghis khan’s grandson, Hulagu, who was a Buddhist, and whose wife was a Christian. 　C. 其他译法：把翻译简单定语从句的方法贯通其中，如译成定语+句子成分（即把一个从句译成定语，另一个从句译成句子成分）；或译成并列句（或句子成分）+状语从句（即把一个从句译成并列句或句子成分，另一个从句译成状语从句）等。例如： At one extreme are Hawaii and Brazil, where racial intermixture is extensive and continuing, and where racial discrimination is relatively minor. 　　　　　　　　　　课堂练习 This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the alsace-Lorraine province lost in 1871, and also to protect Australia-Hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkins. 这是一个防御性的盟约，旨在保护德国人免受法国人的攻击，保护奥匈帝国免受俄国人的攻击；因为法国人想收复1871年失去的阿尔萨斯-洛林地区，而俄国人则在巴尔干半岛同奥匈帝国接连不断地发生冲突。 二、英语否定结构的翻译 带否定意义的词是比较容易译错的，有的是因为否定是隐性的；有的是因为否定的射向不同；有的是由于否定的范围和重心不易确定。 1．隐形否定 此类否定既无特定句型，又无否定词，其否定含义多为习惯用语或引申义，颇为费解，也最易出错，切不可望文“生译”，如： Catch me making the same error again. 我决不再犯同样的错误。 He is braver than wise． 他有勇无谋。 He is wiser than to risk his money in that undertaking． 他不会蠢到投资那项事业的地步。 I have yet to hear the story. 我还没听说过这件事情。 （have not yet done) She certainly knows better than to tackle such a problem by herself． 她很明白不能独自去解决这个问题。 Its anyones guess. 这事谁也不清楚。 He would be the last man to say such things． 他决不会说这样的话。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you