化学专业词汇框架.docx

普通化学术语中英文对照表 原子?atom?adj.atomic? 原子核?nucleus? 质子?proton? 中子?neutron? 电子?electron(abbr.?e)? 离子?ion?[?a??n]? 阳离子?cation? 阴离子?anion? 分子?molecular?[m??lekj?l?]? 单质?element? 化合物?compound? 纯净物?pure?substance/chemical?substance? 混合物?mixture? 相对原子质量?relative?atomic?mass(abbr.?Ar)? 相对分子质量? relative?molecular?mass(abbr.?Mr)? 化学式量?relative?formula?mass 物质的量?amount?of?substance? 阿伏加德罗常数 ?Avogadro?constant(abbr.?NA)? 摩尔?mole? 摩尔质量?molar?mass? 实验式/最简式/经验式?empirical?formula? 气体摩尔体积?molar?volume? 阿伏加德罗定律?Avogadro’s?Law? 溶液?solution? 溶解?dissolve? 浓度?concentration? 质量/体积分数?mass/volume?concentration? 浓缩?concentrate? 稀释?dilute? 蒸馏?distillation? 萃取?extraction? 化学反应方程式?chemical?equation? 反应物??reactant? 生成物?product? 固体?solid? 液体?liquid 气体?gaseous? 溶液?aqueous 配平?balance 化学计量学?stoichiometry 酸?acid?? 碱?base/alkali?(refers?to?soluble?bases)? 盐?salt? 酸式盐?acid?salt? 离子方程式?ionic?equation? 结晶水?water?of?crystallisation? 水合的?hydrated? 无水的?anhydrous ?滴定?titration? 指示剂?indicator? 氧化数?oxidation?number? 氧化还原反应?redox?reaction? 氧化反应?oxidation?reaction? 还原反应?reduction?reaction? 歧化反应?disproportionation?reaction? 归中反应 ?comproportionation(symproportionation) ?reaction? 氧化剂?oxidising?agent?? 还原剂?reducing?agent? 电子层(壳)?(electron)?shell? 电离能?ionisation?energy(abbr.?I.E.)?? 第二，第三等电离能 ?first,second,third,etc.?ionisation?energy(abbr.?1st,2nd,3rd,etc.?I.E.)?? 电子亲和能? electron?affinity?energy(abbr.?A.E.)? 屏蔽效应?electronic?shielding(screening)? 原子轨道?atomic?orbital? 电子云?electron?cloud? 电子亚层?sub-shell? 能层?layer? 能级?energy?level? 电子排布?electron?configuration? 电子云重叠?shell?overlap? 洪特规则?Hund’s?rule? 泡利原理?Pauli?exclusion?principle? 基态?ground?state? 激发态?excited?state 跃迁?transition? 手性?chirality?[kai?-]? 化学键?chemical?bond? 键长?bond?length? 键级?bond?order?? 键角?bond?angle? 键能?bond?enthalpies?? 离子键?ionic?bond 供体?donor? 受体?acceptor? 静电吸引?electrostatic?attraction? 巨型离子结构?giant?ionic?structure? 共价键?covalent[k??ve?l?nt]?bond? 巨型共价结构?giant?covalent?structure? 共用电子对?shared?pair/bonding?pair? 孤对电子?lone?pair/non-bonding?pair? σ键?σ-bond? π键?