（新课标）天津市2018届高考英语二轮复习 第四部分 阅读表达 专题二十二 阐述写作意图教案.pptVIP

* 专题二十二　阐述写作意图 -*- 考情概览 写作意图题或态度推断题包含两个方面的内容,一是推测作者的写作意图或者态度,二是对文中的具体内容作出推理和判断。考生需要透过文字内容体会作者的态度、观点和说话的语气,从而准确判断作者的写作意图。考生还要分清文章的体裁,如果是议论文,一定要找准作者的论点;如果是说明文,一定要找出作者说明的中心。此外,考生还要根据文章的字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节、理解文章的寓意等。 -*- 1.推断写作意图 写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意,而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳分析和总结的能力。 主要的设题方式有: ①What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? ②What’s the purpose of the text? ③For what purpose does the author mention...in Paragraph...? 常用的回答方式有: ①To tell/show/inform us that... ②To give us useful tips/advice on how to... ③To encourage/persuade/warn us to do... -*- 2.推断观点和态度 观点态度推断题考查考生是否理解作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。这就要求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上,对观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识别,关注作者对人物心理或者细节的描写,对文章所交代的人物或者事情进行评判。主要设题方式有: ①What does the author really mean by saying...? ②Why does the author mention...? ③Which is the result of...? ④What kind of attitude does the author have towards the question? ⑤What does...imply? ⑥What can we learn from the text? -*- 解答这类题目时,考生首先要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的线索,这是推理的前提和基础。其次,要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表及里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全。同时,要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知,推断未知。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。最重要的是,要把握句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。还要体会文章的基调,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音,揣摩出作者的态度。回答要紧扣题目,语言既要完整,又要简洁,不要超过规定词数。 -*- 【典例分析】 [3]According to Science Daily,a new study predicts that by the year 2100,many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004,a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008,thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was destroyed in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake. What is the author’s purpose in using the examples of earthquakes in Paragraph 3?(no more than 12 words) ________________