德国留学APS审核英语专业复习资料_语言类中英文对照2015版本.doc

. . . PAGE word格式资料 . . . word格式资料 语言类：英语笔译，英语口译，英语写作，高级英语，综合英语，英语视听说，基础英语，英语听力，英语口语，商务英语，商务英语阅读、商务沟通、商务英语写作，专业英语，英语国家概况 英语笔译： Introduction to Translation In this unit, students are expected to learn the definition of translation; the scope of translation; translation criteria; literal translation and free translation. Ⅰ. What Is Translation? Linguistic view on translation:Translation is “the replacement of textual material in one language (source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (target language). ” (Catford, 1965:20) Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Nida Taber 1969:12)所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最贴切而又自然的对等语再现原文的信息，首先在语义上，其次在文体上。 (E. A 奈达, 1969) Communicative views on translation: This approach views translation as a communicative process which takes place within a social context. The translator attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers as was produced by the original on the source language readers. (Newmark, 1982:22) 翻译是一种跨文化的信息交流与交换的活动，其本质是传播。 （吕俊，1997） 【例】 She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth, and can do what she likes. She is really a lucky dog.她生长在富贵之家，凡事都可以随心所欲，真是个幸运儿。 Every dog has its day. 人人皆有得意日 a lucky dog 幸运儿Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌help a dog over a stilt助人度过难关 as faithful as a dog 形容人的忠诚 Ⅱ. Scope of Translation 1.按语言分类： 语内翻译（intralingual translation）语际翻译（interlingual translation） 2. 按活动形式分类： 笔译（translation） 口译（oral interpretation）： 交替传译（consecutive translation） 和同声传译（simultaneous translation） 3. 按翻译材料的文体分类： 应用文体翻译 科技文体翻译 论述文体翻译新闻文体翻译 艺术文体翻译 按处理方式分类：全译 节译 编译 Ⅲ. Translation Criteria 严复: Triple Principle of Translation 信 (faithfulness):忠实准确 达 (expressiveness):通顺流畅 雅 (