低温对枇杷苗叶片与根尖的生理状况及超微结构的影响.PDFVIP

热带亚热带植物学报 2019, 27(4): 452 ~ 460 Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 低温对枇杷苗叶片与根尖的生理状况及超微结构 的影响 1,2 3 1 2 2* 杜丽君 , 牛先前 , 林晓红 , 张玉容 , 郑国华 (1. 漳州城市职业学院，福建 漳州 363000 ；2. 福建农林大学园艺学院，福州 350002；3. 福建省热带作物科学研究所，福建 漳州 363001) 摘要：为探讨枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)苗对低温伤害的响应，采用人工降温的方法，研究了‘解放钟’实生枇杷苗在低温胁迫 下叶肉细胞与根细胞超微结构的变化，同时测定叶片褐变率、根系活力和细胞质膜相对透性(PMP) 。结果表明，轻度低温(0℃) 胁迫 12 h，根系活力下降26.09% ，叶片褐变率仅升高17.15%，根系PMP 值持续升高而叶片呈下降趋势。电镜下观察，根 细胞和叶肉细胞均有明显线粒体增加现象。0℃胁迫36 h 根细胞发生胞间结冰，液泡消失、线粒体膨大变形、双层膜消失、 嵴消失、细胞壁结构损伤，而叶肉细胞仅表现叶绿体破坏、淀粉粒变小，线粒体完整。重度低温(–3℃、–5℃)胁迫下，根细 胞和叶肉细胞均发生细胞内结冰，且低温对根细胞的破坏程度明显高于叶肉细胞，根细胞比叶细胞发生细胞结冰的时间更早， 受害更严重。这表明根细胞比叶肉细胞对低温更敏感，因此，在低温来临前对枇杷地下部采取保温措施，对缓解地上部低温 伤害具有积极作用。 关键词：枇杷；低温胁迫；叶肉细胞；根细胞；超微结构 doi: 10.11926/jtsb.4001 Influence of Low Temperature on Physiological and Cell Ultrastructure of Leaves and Roots of Eriobotrya japonica Seedlings 1,2 3 1 2 2* DU Li-jun , NIU Xian-qian , LIN Xiao-hong , ZHANG Yu-rong , ZHENG Guo-hua (1. Zhangzhou City College, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China; 2. College of Horticulture , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; 3. Fujian Science Technology of Tropical Crops, Zhangzhou 363001, Fujian, China) Abstract: In order to understand the response to low temperature of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) seedlings, the changes in cell ultrastructure of leaves and roots of ‘Jiefangzhong’ seedlings were studied under cold stress by artificial cooling, and leaf browning rate, root activity as well as plasma membrane permeabilities (PMPs) were measured. The results showed that the root activity decreased by 26.09%, and the leaf browning rate increased by 17.15% under light cold stress (0℃). The PMP of root increased and the PMP of leaf decreased. The number of mitochondria had significant incremen